Onwards with the Evolution of Imagery Research in Sport Psychology

Summary and Conclusion As noted, Paivio’s (1985) framework, the corresponding SIQ, and the applied model all revolutionized imagery research in sport psychology. However, we are at a time where imagery research must evolve. Researchers must acknowledge the limitations of the SIQ and move their research into new areas. Clearly this is a more desirable path compared to simply conducting replication studies that raise the same criticisms and limitations in the discussion sections. To this end, we outline five statements that summarize our current position on imagery research, each with suggestions for future research. 1. Imagery researchers must differentiate between imagery content and functions and understand that the SIQ measures the former, not the latter. Studies could be conducted that examine what types of images are associated with specific imagery functions (e.g., the image content used for building, maintaining, and regaining confidence). 2. Imagery researchers should consider taking an item-level approach when using the SIQ. Determining which image on the SIQ is the most “powerful” for a specific function for a majority of athletes and testing the effects of this single image on various outcomes would be fascinating. 3. Imagery researchers interested in scale development and validation should consider revising specific items, extending its subscales, and the response scale on the SIQ. In addition, more types of imagery could be added. 57