A comprehensive planning framework for electric vehicle charging infrastructure deployment in the power grid with enhanced voltage stability

Environmental, economical, and social benefits of the electric vehicle (EV) makes it as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuel driven vehicles. Despite numerous advantages brought by the electrified transportation, it will place a profound impact on the power grids. However, the present EV planning studies have not paid enough attention to the grid impacts, concerns, and priorities. Therefore, a comprehensive multi-objective EV charging station planning framework is developed, which not only satisfies the EV users and the charging facility investors but which also maintains reliable grid operation. The voltage-dependent characteristic of the EV load has been taken into consideration. An index that is based on the system reactive power reserve has been introduced to compare relative voltage stability status in different cases. The proposed planning framework is tested and verified by building up a realistic case using EV prediction data and transportation data for the city of Brisbane. Furthermore, the ability of catering for more EV demand with less associated grid impacts is proved by incorporating renewable energy integration. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  D. Hill,et al.  Voltage stability indices for stressed power systems , 1993 .

[2]  H. Glavitsch,et al.  Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[3]  Hong Liu,et al.  The planning of electric vehicle charging station based on Grid partition method , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering.

[4]  Salman Mohagheghi,et al.  Particle Swarm Optimization: Basic Concepts, Variants and Applications in Power Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[5]  Yu Xiaodan,et al.  An improved voltage stability index and its application , 2005 .

[6]  F. Torelli,et al.  Can PV plants provide a reactive power ancillary service? A treat offered by an on-line controller , 2011 .

[7]  Jin Dong,et al.  Electric vehicle charging facility planning in Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau Limited Company , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference.

[8]  Hong Liu,et al.  Electric Vehicle Charging Station Planning Based on Weighted Voronoi Diagram , 2012, 2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference.

[9]  T. K. Saha,et al.  Planning of electric vehicle charging infrastructure , 2013, 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[10]  M.H. Haque,et al.  Use of Local Information to Determine the Distance to Voltage Collapse , 2007, 2007 International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007).

[11]  D. Novosel,et al.  See It Fast to Keep Calm: Real-Time Voltage Control Under Stressed Conditions , 2012, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[12]  Thomas J. Overbye,et al.  Effects of load modelling on analysis of power system voltage stability , 1994 .

[13]  P. Rodriguez,et al.  Local Reactive Power Control Methods for Overvoltage Prevention of Distributed Solar Inverters in Low-Voltage Grids , 2011, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics.

[14]  Wei Zhang,et al.  Optimal Planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on particle swarm optimization , 2012 .

[15]  Ling Li,et al.  Layout Planning of Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Genetic Algorithm , 2011 .

[16]  Yuhui Shi,et al.  Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.01TH8546).

[17]  P.W. Sauer,et al.  Reactive Power Reserve Issues , 2006, 2006 38th North American Power Symposium.

[18]  A. Kurita,et al.  The power system failure on July 23, 1987 in Tokyo , 1988, Proceedings of the 27th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[19]  Gen-ke Yang,et al.  Hybrid discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem , 2006 .

[20]  V. Ajjarapu,et al.  Investigation of various generator reactive power reserve (GRPR) definitions for online voltage stability/security assessment , 2008, 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century.

[21]  S. N. Deepa,et al.  Model order formulation of a multivariable discrete system using a modified particle swarm optimization approach , 2011, Swarm Evol. Comput..

[22]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Technique for contingency monitoring and voltage collapse prediction , 1998 .

[23]  K.Y. Lee,et al.  Effect of Realistic Load Direction in Static Voltage Stability Study , 2005, 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific.

[24]  Khaleequr Rehman Niazi,et al.  Line collapse proximity index for prediction of voltage collapse in power systems , 2012 .

[25]  Zhipeng Liu,et al.  Optimal Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[26]  Ismail Musirin,et al.  On-line voltage stability based contingency ranking using fast voltage stability index (FVSI) , 2002, IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition.

[27]  Naoto Yorino,et al.  Application and comparison of metaheuristic techniques to reactive power planning problem , 2008 .

[28]  Kit Po Wong,et al.  Traffic-Constrained Multiobjective Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  N. Mithulananthan,et al.  Overview of the impacts of plug-in electric vehicles on the power grid , 2011, 2011 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.

[30]  A.C.Z. de Souza,et al.  Comparison of performance indices for detection of proximity to voltage collapse , 1996 .

[31]  Huajun Yu,et al.  A multi-function grid-connected PV system with reactive power compensation for the grid , 2005 .

[32]  Azah Mohamed,et al.  A NEW CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE FOR POWER SYSTEM VOLTAGE STABILITY ANALYSIS , 1995 .

[33]  Junyong Liu,et al.  Electric vehicle charging station planning based on weighted Voronoi diagram , 2011, Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE).

[34]  Jian Liu,et al.  Electric vehicle charging infrastructure assignment and power grid impacts assessment in Beijing , 2012 .

[35]  Hong Liu,et al.  The planning of charging stations on the urban trunk road , 2012, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies.

[36]  Mohammad Shahidehpour,et al.  Appendix C: IEEE30 Bus System Data , 2003 .

[37]  T. K. Saha,et al.  Modeling and planning of EV fast charging station in power grid , 2012, 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[38]  Thierry Van Cutsem,et al.  A short survey of methods for voltage instability detection , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[39]  Wilsun Xu,et al.  Online voltage stability monitoring using VAr reserves , 2003 .

[40]  V Ajjarapu,et al.  Development of Multilinear Regression Models for Online Voltage Stability Margin Estimation , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[41]  Zechun Hu,et al.  Optimal siting and sizing of electric vehicle charging stations , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference.

[42]  C. A. Canizares,et al.  A Robust Optimization Approach for Planning the Transition to Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[43]  Yanchun Liang,et al.  Particle swarm optimization-based algorithms for TSP and generalized TSP , 2007, Inf. Process. Lett..