On the viscosity and pH of synovial fluid and the pH of blood.

1. The results of viscosity measurements on a number of normal, traumatic and osteoarthritic synovial fluids from human knee joints are described and discussed. 2. A decrease of the viscosity of normal synovial fluid with age has been found. 3. The decrease of the viscosity with age and in the pathological groups is analysed and its relation to the viscous anomaly is considered (Fig. 6). 4. The question whether dilution or depolymerisation is the important factor in decrease of viscosity in these groups, and the value of viscosity measurements as a whole, are discussed. 5. Measurements of pH have been made on the same groups of synovial fluids and on the blood of patients in these groups. 6. The mean values for blood and synovial fluid differ significantly, and the pH of the synovial fluid of adolescents is significantly higher than at other ages. 7. There is no significant difference between the traumatic and osteoarthritic groups, but both are significantly less than the normal. 8. In both fluids the peak frequency in all three groups is the same, that for blood being 7·3 to 7·5 and that for synovial fluid being 7·5 to 7·7 (Fig. 7).