From Autonomous Vehicles to Safer Cars: Selected Challenges for the Software Engineering

In November 2007, the DARPA Urban Challenge took place on the former George Airforce base in Victorville, California. Within that competition, teams from all-over the world had to demonstrate the autonomous driving capabilities from their robot cars in an urban-like environment. From initially 89 competitors, only eleven qualified for the final event wherein "Boss" from Carnegie Mellon finally won the race. In this article, a short overview over European's best team "CarOLO" and its vehicle "Caroline" within that competition is outlined. Based on the experiences from that competition, remaining challenges for the software engineering are described to realize safer cars in the future.

[1]  Markus Maurer,et al.  Stadtpilot: First fully autonomous test drives in urban traffic , 2011, 2011 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).

[2]  Edward A. Lee Computing Foundations and Practice for Cyber- Physical Systems: A Preliminary Report , 2007 .

[3]  Raúl Rojas,et al.  Action annotated trajectory generation for autonomous maneuvers on structured road networks , 2011, The 5th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications.

[4]  Christian Berger,et al.  Automating acceptance tests for sensor- and actuator-based systems on the example of autonomous vehicles , 2010, Aachener Informatik-Berichte, Software Engineering.

[5]  Eric S. Raymond,et al.  The Art of Unix Programming , 2003 .

[6]  Christian Berger,et al.  Autonomous Driving-5 Years after the Urban Challenge: The Anticipatory Vehicle as a Cyber-Physical System , 2014, GI-Jahrestagung.

[7]  Mao-Bin Hu,et al.  Effect of Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles on Phase Transition in a Mixture with Manual Vehicles , 2009 .

[8]  Robert P. Goldman,et al.  Plan Recognition (Dagstuhl Seminar 11141) , 2011, Dagstuhl Reports.

[9]  Bernhard Rumpe,et al.  Caroline: An autonomously driving vehicle for urban environments , 2008 .

[10]  Marcus A. Magnor,et al.  The Area Processing Unit of Caroline - Finding the Way through DARPA's Urban Challenge , 2008, RobVis.

[11]  C. Lipski,et al.  A Fast and Robust Approach to Lane Marking Detection and Lane Tracking , 2008, 2008 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation.

[12]  Alan M. Christie Simulation: An Enabling Technology in Software Engineering , 1999 .

[13]  Berthold K. P. Horn Robot vision , 1986, MIT electrical engineering and computer science series.

[14]  Christian Berger,et al.  Software & Systems Engineering Process and Tools for the Development of Autonomous Driving Intelligence , 2007, J. Aerosp. Comput. Inf. Commun..

[15]  Jörg Schäuffele,et al.  Automotive Software Engineering , 2003 .

[16]  Christopher A. Rouff,et al.  Experience from the DARPA Urban Challenge , 2011 .

[17]  Christian Berger,et al.  Engineering Autonomous Driving Software , 2014, ArXiv.

[18]  Reinhard German,et al.  Automated testing of embedded automotive systems from requirement specification models , 2011, 2011 12th Latin American Test Workshop (LATW).

[19]  Benoit Vanholme,et al.  Towards Highly Automated Driving: Intermediate report on the HAVEit-Joint System , 2010 .

[20]  D. Wolf,et al.  Traffic and Granular Flow , 1996 .

[21]  Bernhard Rumpe,et al.  Science and Engineering of Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 11441) , 2011, Dagstuhl Reports.

[22]  Marc Zeller,et al.  Towards Self-organization in Automotive Embedded Systems , 2009, ATC.