Robust discriminative tracking via query-by-bagging

Adaptive tracking-by-detection is a popular approach to track arbitrary objects in various situations. Such approaches treat tracking as a classification task and constantly update the object model. The update procedure requires a set of labeled examples, where samples are collected from the last observation, and then labeled. However, these intermediate steps typically follow a set of heuristic rules for labeling and uninformed search in the sample space, which decrease the effectiveness of model update. In this study, we present a framework for adaptive tracking that utilizes active learning for effective sample selection and labeling them. The active sampler employs a committee of randomized-classifiers to select the most informative samples and query their label from an auxiliary detector with a long-term memory. The committee is then updated with the obtained labels. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on various benchmark videos.

[1]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Real-Time Compressive Tracking , 2012, ECCV.

[2]  Horst Bischof,et al.  On robustness of on-line boosting - a competitive study , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops.

[3]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Incremental Learning for Robust Visual Tracking , 2008, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[4]  David J. Fleet,et al.  Robust Online Appearance Models for Visual Tracking , 2003, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[5]  Jiri Matas,et al.  Robustifying the Flock of Trackers , 2011 .

[6]  Shai Avidan,et al.  Locally Orderless Tracking , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[7]  Björn Stenger,et al.  Tracking Using Online Feature Selection and a Local Generative Model , 2007, BMVC.

[8]  Laura Sevilla-Lara,et al.  Distribution fields for tracking , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[9]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Robust Multi-View Boosting with Priors , 2010, ECCV.

[10]  Rynson W. H. Lau,et al.  Visual Tracking via Locality Sensitive Histograms , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[11]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Object Tracking Benchmark , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[12]  Takahiro Ishikawa,et al.  The template update problem , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[13]  Naoki Abe,et al.  Query Learning Strategies Using Boosting and Bagging , 1998, ICML.

[14]  Horst Bischof,et al.  On-line semi-supervised multiple-instance boosting , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[15]  Zdenek Kalal,et al.  Tracking-Learning-Detection , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[16]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Semi-supervised On-Line Boosting for Robust Tracking , 2008, ECCV.

[17]  Burr Settles,et al.  Active Learning , 2012, Synthesis Lectures on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.

[18]  Changsheng Xu,et al.  Object Tracking by Occlusion Detection via Structured Sparse Learning , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.

[19]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Real-Time Tracking via On-line Boosting , 2006, BMVC.

[20]  Yanxi Liu,et al.  Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features , 2005, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[21]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Beyond semi-supervised tracking: Tracking should be as simple as detection, but not simpler than recognition , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops, ICCV Workshops.

[22]  Ming-Hsuan Yang,et al.  Visual tracking with online Multiple Instance Learning , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[23]  Gérard G. Medioni,et al.  Context tracker: Exploring supporters and distracters in unconstrained environments , 2011, CVPR 2011.

[24]  Ehud Rivlin,et al.  Robust Fragments-based Tracking using the Integral Histogram , 2006, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06).

[25]  H. Sebastian Seung,et al.  Query by committee , 1992, COLT '92.

[26]  Kyoung Mu Lee,et al.  Visual tracking via geometric particle filtering on the affine group with optimal importance functions , 2009, CVPR.

[27]  Qinghua Hu,et al.  Robust Object Tracking Via Active Feature Selection , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[28]  Leo Breiman,et al.  Bagging Predictors , 1996, Machine Learning.

[29]  Nuno Vasconcelos,et al.  On the design of robust classifiers for computer vision , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[30]  Philippe C. Cattin,et al.  Tracking the invisible: Learning where the object might be , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[31]  Shai Avidan,et al.  Ensemble Tracking , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[32]  Qi Zhao,et al.  Co-Tracking Using Semi-Supervised Support Vector Machines , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[33]  Rui Caseiro,et al.  Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence High-speed Tracking with Kernelized Correlation Filters , 2022 .

[34]  Junzhou Huang,et al.  Robust tracking using local sparse appearance model and K-selection , 2011, CVPR 2011.