An improved hybrid technique for energy and delay routing in mobile ad-hoc networks

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) comprises wireless mobile nodes that dynamically establish a temporary network without needing a central administration or an infrastructure. The Quality of service (QoS) enables a mobile network to interconnect wired or wireless networks. An important research background identifying a path that satisfies the QoS requirements, such as their topology and applications, has become quite a challenge in mobile networks. The QoS routing feature can also function in a stand-alone multi-hop mobile network for real-time applications. A QoS-aware protocol aims to find a stable path between the source and destination nodes that satisfies the QoS requirements. The proposed method was a new energy and delay-aware routing protocol that combines cellular automata (CA) with the hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) to optimize the path selection in the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. The main conclusions of this research include two QoS parameters that were used for routing: energy and delay. The routing algorithm based on CA was used to identify a set of routes that can satisfy the delay constraints and then select a reasonably good route through the hybrid algorithm. Results of the simulation showed that the proposed approach demonstrated a better performance than the AODV with CA and GA.