论文信息 - Harold Black and the negative-feedback amplifier

Harold Black and the negative-feedback amplifier

On August 2, 1927, Harold Black, a young Bell Labs engineer just six years out of college, invented the negative-feedback amplifier. Negative feedback soon allowed the Bell system to reduce overcrowding of lines and extend its long-distance network by means of carrier telephony. It enabled the design of accurate fire-control systems in World War II, and it formed the basis of early operational amplifiers, as well as precise, variable-frequency audio oscillators. The invention, its development, the role it played in the founding of the Hewlett-Packard company, and the themes it illustrates in the history of technology are discussed.<<ETX>>

R. Kline

[1] H. Nyquist,et al. The Regeneration Theory , 1954, Journal of Fluids Engineering.

[2] D. G. Tucker,et al. The history of positive feedback: The oscillating audion, the regenerative receiver, and other applications up to around 1923 , 1972 .

[3] M. J. Kelly. Career of the medalist , 1958, Electrical Engineering.

[4] H.S. Black. Stabilized feed-back amplifiers , 1934, Electrical Engineering.

[5] M. E. Van Valkenburg. In memoriam: Hendrik W. Bode (1905-1982) , 1984 .

[6] S.W. Leslie,et al. Steeple building at Stanford: Electrical engineering, physics, and microwave research , 1985, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[7] W.R. Ferris. Input Resistance of Vacuum Tubes as Ultra-High-Frequency Amplifiers , 1936, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers.

[8] F.E. Terman,et al. Some Applications of Negative Feedback with Particular Reference to Laboratory Equipment , 1939, Proceedings of the IRE.

[9] H. S. Black. Invention in engineering , 1958, Electrical Engineering.

[10] H. S. Black,et al. Inventing the negative feedback amplifier: Six years of persistent search helped the author conceive the idea “in a flash” aboard the old Lackawanna Ferry , 1977, IEEE Spectrum.

[11] H. W. Bode. Relations between attenuation and phase in feedback amplifier design , 1940 .

[12] H. S. Black,et al. Stabilized feedback amplifiers , 1934 .