Net ATP synthesis in H+ -atpase macroliposomes by an external electric field.

Application of electric pulses (1000 V/cm, 20 m sec duration) to macroliposomes containing pure stable H+-ATPase (F0·F1) resulted in synthesis of ATP. Microliposomes containing F0·F1 showed very little ATP synthesis under the same conditions. The amount of ATP synthesized was increased by increasing the number of electric pulses applied and decreased by addition of either an uncoupler or an energy transfer inhibitor.

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