ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS OF CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES BY THERMODYNAMICS ANALYSIS

The Column Targeting Tool (CTT) is a retrofit tool for lowering cost of operation through modified operating conditions, and providing insight into understanding tray/packing capacity limitations. The CTT is based on the Practical Near-Minimum Thermodynamic Condition (PNMTC) representing a close to practical reversible column operation. The CTT has the capabilities of thermal and hydraulic analyses that can help identify the targets for appropriate column modifications in order to: (i) reduce energy costs, (ii) improve energy efficiency, (iii) reduce capital cost by improving thermodynamic driving forces, and (iv) facilitate column debottlenecking. These capabilities within the CTT are summarized in this Chapter. 2.1. Thermal Analysis Thermal analysis capability distributes reboiling and condensing loads over the temperature range of operation to help identify design targets for improvements in energy consumption and efficiency [1,11-14]. In order to achieve this, the thermal analysis produces ‘Column Grand Composite Curves’ (CGCC) and ‘Exergy Loss Profiles.’ The user makes changes to column configurations and specifications until CGCCs and exergy profiles display actual and ideal operations that are closer to each other [2,4,15]. The CGCCs are displayed as the stage-enthalpy (Stage-H) or temperature-enthalpy (T-H) plots representing the theoretical minimum heating and cooling requirements in the temperature range of separation. This approximation takes into account the inefficiencies introduced

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