How Environmental Protection Motivation Influences on Residents’ Recycled Water Reuse Behaviors: A Case Study in Xi’an City

Pro-environmental behaviors related to reclaimed water reuse are regarded as important motivations for both environmental protection and the use of reclaimed water, and these motivations could affect the citizens’ decision whether they will accept reclaimed water reuse. A hypothesis model was developed as the NAM (Norm Activation Model) has changed, and this hypothesis model was used to explore the factors that affect the citizen’s decision about the reclaimed water reuse, and obtain a better understanding of the mechanism of urban citizens in environmental protection and the related outcomes. First, 584 samples were used to verify the reliability and validity of data, and AMOS21.0 was used to test the goodness-of-fit between the sample data and the hypothesis model. Based on this, the applicability of the improved NAM was verified through the study of recycled water reuse. The hypothesis model was used to analyze its direct influences, showing that environmental motivation has positive influences on the citizens’ acceptance toward recycled water reuse. Besides, Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediation effect, proving that awareness of consequences regarding environmental pollution caused by human activities and ascription of responsibility could strengthen the citizens’ motivation to protect the environment.

[1]  P. Bentler,et al.  Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures , 1980 .

[2]  C. Fornell,et al.  Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. , 1981 .

[3]  S. Schwartz,et al.  A Normative Decision Making Model of Altruism , 1981 .

[4]  T. Little.  Mean and Covariance Structures (MACS) Analyses of Cross-Cultural Data: Practical and Theoretical Issues. , 1997, Multivariate behavioral research.

[5]  A. Kollmuss,et al.  Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? , 2002 .

[6]  B E Nancarrow,et al.  Measuring the predictors of communities' behavioural decisions for potable reuse of wastewater. , 2009, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[7]  A. Hayes.  Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium , 2009 .

[8]  R. Purc-Stephenson,et al.  Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: an overview and some recommendations. , 2009, Psychological methods.

[9]  Sorada Tapsuwan,et al.  Review of socio-economic drivers of community acceptance and adoption of decentralised water systems. , 2011, Journal of environmental management.

[10]  Jennifer Jordan,et al.  Striving for the Moral Self: The Effects of Recalling Past Moral Actions on Future Moral Behavior , 2011, Personality & social psychology bulletin.

[11]  Kristopher J Preacher,et al.  Mediation Analysis in Social Psychology: Current Practices and New Recommendations , 2011 .

[12]  Afreen Siddiqi,et al.  A new case for promoting wastewater reuse in Saudi Arabia: bringing energy into the water equation. , 2012, Journal of environmental management.

[13]  David Pizarro,et al.  Disgust Sensitivity, Political Conservatism, and Voting , 2012 .

[14]  K. Sassenberg,et al.  When does goal discrepancy induce compensatory effort? An application of self‐completion theory to social issues , 2012 .

[15]  G. Antonides,et al.  The Norm Activation Model: An exploration of the functions of anticipated pride and guilt in pro-environmental behaviour , 2013 .

[16]  C. Scott,et al.  Drinking Wastewater , 2013 .

[17]  M. Jacobson,et al.  Newbio: growing bioenergy on marginal lands. , 2013 .

[18]  Wen-Bin Chiou,et al.  Fueling Green Dining Intention: The Self-Completion Theory Perspective , 2014 .

[19]  Fiona L. Gibson,et al.  Salt or Sludge? Exploring Preferences for Potable Water Sources , 2014 .

[20]  R. Zimmerman,et al.  A Comparative Investigation of TPB and Altruism Frameworks for an Empirically based Communication Approach to Enhance Paper Recycling , 2014 .

[21]  Feng Ling,et al.  Understanding PVDF ultrafiltration membrane fouling behaviour through model solutions and secondary wastewater effluent , 2014 .

[22]  Pengfei Cui,et al.  WhiteCell: Energy-efficient use of unlicensed frequency bands for cellular offloading , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN).

[23]  E. Araral,et al.  Does water governance matter to water sector performance? Evidence from ten provinces in China , 2015 .

[24]  Xiang Zheng,et al.  Public perception and acceptability toward reclaimed water in Tianjin , 2015 .

[25]  Jennifer Price,et al.  Comparing Public Perceptions of Alternative Water Sources for Potable Use: The Case of Rainwater, Stormwater, Desalinated Water, and Recycled Water , 2015, Water Resources Management.

[26]  Zhe Gao,et al.  Preparation of a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane material probe and its application in membrane fouling research , 2015 .

[27]  Xudong Wang,et al.  Enhancement and Mitigation Mechanisms of Protein Fouling of Ultrafiltration Membranes under Different Ionic Strengths. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[28]  Zongguo Wen,et al.  What is the true value of food waste? A case study of technology integration in urban food waste treatment in Suzhou City, China , 2016 .

[29]  S. Dhar,et al.  Nanotechnology inspired tools for mitochondrial dysfunction related diseases. , 2016, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[30]  Sara Dolnicar,et al.  Public acceptance and perceptions of alternative water sources: a comparative study in nine locations , 2016, Water Reuse Policies for Potable Use.

[31]  Martin Skitmore,et al.  Review of social water cycle research in a changing environment , 2016 .

[32]  Xun Wu,et al.  Combating river pollution in China and India: policy measures and governance challenges , 2016 .

[33]  Ching Leong,et al.  A game theoretic approach to implementation of recycled drinking water , 2016 .

[34]  H H Ngo,et al.  Current status of urban wastewater treatment plants in China. , 2016, Environment international.

[35]  Zhiguo Yuan,et al.  Why do residential recycled water schemes fail? A comprehensive review of risk factors and impact on objectives. , 2016, Water research.

[36]  Kenneth Broad,et al.  The psychology of recycled water: Factors predicting disgust and willingness to use , 2016 .

[37]  T. Oki,et al.  Water scarcity hotspots travel downstream due to human interventions in the 20th and 21st century , 2017, Nature Communications.

[38]  Hanliang Fu,et al.  Research on the Phenomenon of Chinese Residents’ Spiritual Contagion for the Reuse of Recycled Water Based on SC-IAT , 2017 .

[39]  Ai-Min Yang,et al.  Optimum surface roughness prediction for titanium alloy by adopting response surface methodology , 2017 .

[40]  Jing Xu,et al.  Efficient Bacterial Inactivation by Transition Metal Catalyzed Auto-Oxidation of Sulfite. , 2017, Environmental science & technology.

[41]  Xiaoling Zhang,et al.  The effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on haze pollution in Chinese cities: A spatial econometrics approach , 2017 .

[42]  Hao Li,et al.  Exploring the potential relationship between indoor air quality and the concentration of airborne culturable fungi: a combined experimental and neural network modeling study , 2018, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[43]  Xiaojun Liu,et al.  A Study on the Impact of Environmental Education on Individuals’ Behaviors Concerning Recycled Water Reuse , 2017 .

[44]  Zhongfan Zhu,et al.  Public perception and acceptability of reclaimed water: the case of Shandong province, China , 2018 .

[45]  Zhaoxing Li,et al.  Research on Big Data Digging of Hot Topics about Recycled Water Use on Micro-Blog Based on Particle Swarm Optimization , 2018, Sustainability.

[46]  Hanliang Fu,et al.  Effect of guiding policy on urban residents’ behavior to use recycled water , 2018 .

[47]  W. Liu,et al.  The Influence of Poverty Alleviation Resettlement on Rural Household Livelihood Vulnerability in the Western Mountainous Areas, China , 2018, Sustainability.

[48]  Wei Jiang,et al.  Economic assessment of landowners' willingness to supply energy crops on marginal lands in the northeastern of the United States , 2018, Biomass and Bioenergy.

[49]  Yuedong Yao,et al.  The heat and mass transfer characteristics of superheated steam coupled with non-condensing gases in horizontal wells with multi-point injection technique , 2018 .

[50]  Hai Liu,et al.  Fast Blind Instrument Function Estimation Method for Industrial Infrared Spectrometers , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[51]  Q. Feng,et al.  Investigations on flotation separation of scheelite from calcite by using a novel depressant: Sodium phytate , 2018, Minerals Engineering.

[52]  Zhijian Liu,et al.  Big Data Digging of the Public's Cognition about Recycled Water Reuse Based on the BP Neural Network , 2018, Complex..

[53]  Song Jiang,et al.  Ensemble Prediction Algorithm of Anomaly Monitoring Based on Big Data Analysis Platform of Open-Pit Mine Slope , 2018, Complex..

[54]  Hanliang Fu,et al.  Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Traditional Cultural Values on Citizens’ Behavior Regarding the Reuse of Recycled Water , 2018 .

[55]  Hanliang Fu,et al.  Visualized analysis of knowledge development in green building based on bibliographic data mining , 2018, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[56]  Tinglin Huang,et al.  A comparison study of the start-up of a MnOx filter for catalytic oxidative removal of ammonium from groundwater and surface water. , 2017, Journal of environmental sciences.

[57]  Garry Wei-Han Tan,et al.  Gender and age: Do they really moderate mobile tourism shopping behavior? , 2018, Telematics Informatics.

[58]  Pei Wang,et al.  New insights into the humic acid fouling mechanism of ultrafiltration membranes for different Ca2+ dosage ranges: results from micro- and macro-level analyses. , 2018, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[59]  Zhaoxing Li,et al.  Research on Big Data Digging of Hot Topics about Recycled Water Use on MicroBlog Based on Particle Swarm Optimization , 2018 .

[60]  Xin Wang,et al.  Impact of structure and flow-path on in situ synthesis of AlN: Dynamic microstructural evolution of Al-AlN-Si materials , 2018, Science China Materials.

[61]  Weisheng Chen,et al.  Cooperative Tracking Control of Multiagent Systems: A Heterogeneous Coupling Network and Intermittent Communication Framework , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.