Taiwan’s contribution to clinical research in gastroenterology and hepatology

noid. Several studies have reported that the association of carcinoid and inflammatory bowel disease resulted from hyperplastic changes in neuroendocrine cells.3 In our patient, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia was not observed, while the mucosa adjacent to the carcinoid tumor showed severe inflammation. We presume that inflammatory conditions may affect the carcinogenesis of carcinoids, but further study will be required to clarify the relationship between the carcinogenesis of carcinoids and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia or inflammation.