Recent insights into the cell immobilization technology applied for dark fermentative hydrogen production.

The contribution and insights of the immobilization technology in the recent years with regards to the generation of (bio)hydrogen via dark fermentation have been reviewed. The types of immobilization practices, such as entrapment, encapsulation and adsorption, are discussed. Materials and carriers used for cell immobilization are also comprehensively surveyed. New development of nano-based immobilization and nano-materials has been highlighted pertaining to the specific subject of this review. The microorganisms and the type of carbon sources applied in the dark hydrogen fermentation are also discussed and summarized. In addition, the essential components of process operation and reactor configuration using immobilized microbial cultures in the design of varieties of bioreactors (such as fixed bed reactor, CSTR and UASB) are spotlighted. Finally, suggestions and future directions of this field are provided to assist the development of efficient, economical and sustainable hydrogen production technologies.

[1]  Kefa Cen,et al.  Enhanced dark hydrogen fermentation by addition of ferric oxide nanoparticles using Enterobacter aerogenes. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[2]  I. Sakamoto,et al.  Organic loading rate impact on biohydrogen production and microbial communities at anaerobic fluidized thermophilic bed reactors treating sugarcane stillage. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[3]  Simone Damasceno Gomes,et al.  Hydrogen production from cassava processing wastewater in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor with bamboo as a support material , 2015 .

[4]  C. Chu,et al.  Biohydrogen production from immobilized cells and suspended sludge systems with condensed molasses f , 2011 .

[5]  M. Zaiat,et al.  Mesophilic hydrogen production in acidogenic packed-bed reactors (APBR) using raw sugarcane vinasse as substrate: Influence of support materials. , 2015, Anaerobe.

[6]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Microbial Hydrogen Production with Immobilized Sewage Sludge , 2002, Biotechnology progress.

[7]  Luca Longanesi,et al.  A kinetic study of biohydrogen production from glucose, molasses and cheese whey by suspended and attached cells of Thermotoga neapolitana. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[8]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Anaerobic hydrogen production with an efficient carrier‐induced granular sludge bed bioreactor , 2004, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[9]  Irini Angelidaki,et al.  Engineered heat treated methanogenic granules: a promising biotechnological approach for extreme thermophilic biohydrogen production. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[10]  Duu-Jong Lee,et al.  Bioreactor and process design for biohydrogen production. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[11]  Z. A. Wahid,et al.  Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent using immobilized Clostridium butyricum EB6 in polyethylene glycol , 2013 .

[12]  Chiu-Yue Lin,et al.  High-rate fermentative hydrogen production from beverage wastewater , 2015 .

[13]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Biohydrogen production in a three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor using sewage sludge immobilized by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[14]  B. Wang,et al.  Fermentative hydrogen production from molasses wastewater in a continuous mixed immobilized sludge reactor. , 2012, Bioresource technology.

[15]  N. Ren,et al.  Enhanced bio-hydrogen production by immobilized Clostridium sp. T2 on a new biological carrier , 2012 .

[16]  Bin Du,et al.  Enhancement effect of silver nanoparticles on fermentative biohydrogen production using mixed bacteria. , 2013, Bioresource technology.

[17]  Y. Oh,et al.  Sustained hydrogen production from formate using immobilized recombinant Escherichia coli SH5 , 2011 .

[18]  Irini Angelidaki,et al.  Biohydrogen production from glucose in upflow biofilm reactors with plastic carriers under extreme thermophilic conditions (70 degrees C). , 2008, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[19]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Fermentative hydrogen production and bacterial community structure in high‐rate anaerobic bioreactors containing silicone‐immobilized and self‐flocculated sludge , 2006, Biotechnology and bioengineering.

[20]  Gopalakrishnan Kumar,et al.  Improved Hydrogen Production from Galactose Via Immobilized Mixed Consortia , 2015 .

[21]  Edson Luiz Silva,et al.  Biohydrogen production in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors: Effect of support material and hydraulic retention time , 2010 .

[22]  Iulian Zoltan Boboescu,et al.  Surpassing the current limitations of biohydrogen production systems: The case for a novel hybrid approach. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[23]  S. O-thong,et al.  Bio-hydrogen and bio-methane potentials of skim latex serum in batch thermophilic two-stage anaerobic digestion. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[24]  Jun Hirose,et al.  H production by immobilized cells of Clostridium butyricum on porous glass beads , 1997 .

[25]  Chiu-Yue Lin,et al.  Hydrogen and ethanol fermentation of various carbon sources by immobilized Escherichia coli (XL1-Blue) , 2014 .

[26]  A. J. Hunt,et al.  Applications of nanoparticles in biomass conversion to chemicals and fuels , 2014 .

[27]  J. Jahim,et al.  Batch and continuous thermophilic hydrogen fermentation of sucrose using anaerobic sludge from palm oil mill effluent via immobilisation technique. , 2016 .

[28]  M. Taherzadeh,et al.  Enhanced Fermentative Hydrogen and Methane Production from an Inhibitory Fruit-Flavored Medium with Membrane-Encapsulated Cells , 2015, Membranes.

[29]  H. Bui,et al.  Biohydrogen Production Using Immobilized Cells of Hyperthermophilic Eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana on Porous Glass Beads , 2013 .

[30]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Biohydrogen production with anaerobic sludge immobilized by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer , 2005 .

[31]  Nuri Azbar,et al.  Continuous biohydrogen production in immobilized biofilm system versus suspended cell culture , 2012 .

[32]  Gopalakrishnan Kumar,et al.  Changes in performance and bacterial communities in response to various process disturbances in a high-rate biohydrogen reactor fed with galactose. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[33]  N. A. Rahman,et al.  Effect of retention time on biohydrogen production by microbial consortia immobilised in polydimethylsiloxane , 2011 .

[34]  N. Ren,et al.  Biohydrogen production from food waste hydrolysate using continuous mixed immobilized sludge reactors. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[35]  Gopalakrishnan Kumar,et al.  HRT dependent performance and bacterial community population of granular hydrogen-producing mixed cultures fed with galactose. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[36]  Mohd Ali Hassan,et al.  Microbial characterization of hydrogen-producing bacteria in fermented food waste at different pH va , 2011 .

[37]  M. Malinconico,et al.  The effect of the surface charge of hydrogel supports on thermophilic biohydrogen production. , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[38]  S. Brar,et al.  Hydrogen production from biodiesel industry waste by using a co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium butyricum , 2017 .

[39]  Fei Wei,et al.  Enhanced hydrogen production in a UASB reactor by retaining microbial consortium onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) , 2012 .

[40]  Fabrizio Adani,et al.  Bio-hydrolysis and bio-hydrogen production from food waste by thermophilic and hyperthermophilic anaerobic process. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[41]  A. Reungsang,et al.  Enhanced bio-hydrogen production from sugarcane juice by immobilized Clostridium butyricum on sugarcane bagasse , 2012 .

[42]  Sung Ho Yeom,et al.  Immobilization methods for continuous hydrogen gas production biofilm formation versus granulation , 2005 .

[43]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrogen-producing strain Clostridium sp. suitable for immobilization , 2014 .

[44]  M. Malinconico,et al.  Continuous hydrogen production by immobilized cultures of Thermotoga neapolitana on an acrylic hydrogel with pH-buffering properties , 2012 .

[45]  J. Cho,et al.  Hydrogen production from biodiesel byproduct by immobilized Enterobacter aerogenes , 2011, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering.

[46]  Yuzuru Takamura,et al.  Development of a compact stacked flatbed reactor with immobilized high-density bacteria for hydrogen production , 2008 .

[47]  D. Toye,et al.  Investigation of the links between mass transfer conditions, dissolved hydrogen concentration and biohydrogen production by the pure strain Clostridium butyricum CWBI1009 , 2015 .

[48]  Joo-Hwa Tay,et al.  Biohydrogen production in a granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized bed reactor , 2007 .

[49]  Jun Hirose,et al.  Hydrogen production by immobilized cells of aciduric Enterobacter aerogenes strain HO-39☆ , 1997 .

[50]  M. Zaiat,et al.  The Effect of Biomass Immobilization Support Material and Bed Porosity on Hydrogen Production in an Upflow Anaerobic Packed-Bed Bioreactor , 2013, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

[51]  Tugba Keskin Gundogdu,et al.  Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production via Thermophilic Cell Culture Immobilized on Glass Beads and Raschig Rings of Different Sizes in a Packed Bed Reactor , 2016 .

[52]  A. Vaidya,et al.  Kinetics of Nano-catalysed Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Distillery Wastewater☆ , 2014 .

[53]  Haijun Yang,et al.  Enhancement effect of hematite nanoparticles on fermentative hydrogen production. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[54]  Yuxiao Zhao,et al.  Waste activated sludge fermentation for hydrogen production enhanced by anaerobic process improvement and acetobacteria inhibition: the role of fermentation pH. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[55]  Lakhveer Singh,et al.  Application of Polyethylene Glycol Immobilized Clostridium sp. LS2 for Continuous Hydrogen Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor , 2013 .

[56]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Hydrogen Production with Immobilized Sewage Sludge in Three‐Phase Fluidized‐Bed Bioreactors , 2003, Biotechnology progress.

[57]  Debabrata Das,et al.  Continuous hydrogen production by immobilized Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08 using lignocellulosic materials as solid matrices. , 2001 .

[58]  H. Lee,et al.  Immobilized biofilm used as seeding source in batch biohydrogen fermentation , 2009 .

[59]  S. Brar,et al.  Biohydrogen production by co-fermentation of crude glycerol and apple pomace hydrolysate using co-culture of Enterobacter aerogenes and Clostridium butyricum. , 2015, Bioresource Technology.

[60]  T. Keskin,et al.  Comparative analysis of thermophilic immobilized biohydrogen production using packed materials of ce , 2011 .

[61]  M. Taherzadeh,et al.  Biohydrogen and carboxylic acids production from wheat straw hydrolysate. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[62]  Dae Sung Lee,et al.  Biological hydrogen production by immobilized cells of Clostridium tyrobutyricum JM1 isolated from a food waste treatment process. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[63]  Edson Luiz Silva,et al.  Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor with expanded clay as support for hydrogen production through dark fermentation of glucose , 2009 .

[64]  I. Kapdan,et al.  Selection of microorganism immobilization particle for dark fermentative biohydrogen production by repeated batch operation , 2016 .

[65]  C. Chu,et al.  Effect of calcium ions on biohydrogen production performance in a fluidized bed bioreactor with activated carbon-immobilized cells , 2012 .

[66]  Gopalakrishnan Kumar,et al.  A critical review on issues and overcoming strategies for the enhancement of dark fermentative hydrogen production in continuous systems , 2016 .

[67]  S. O-thong,et al.  Bio-hydrogen production from glycerol by immobilized Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 on heat-treated UASB granules as affected by organic loading rate , 2013 .

[68]  S. Chand,et al.  Mass transfer and biochemical reaction in immobilized cell packed bed reactors : Correlation of experiment with theory , 1996 .

[69]  I. Sakamoto,et al.  Performance evaluation and phylogenetic characterization of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors using ground tire and pet as support materials for biohydrogen production. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[70]  Marcelo Zaiat,et al.  The application of an innovative continuous multiple tube reactor as a strategy to control the specific organic loading rate for biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. , 2015, Bioresource technology.

[71]  C. Polprasert,et al.  Immobilized Biofilm in Thermophilic Biohydrogen Production using Synthetic versus Biological Materials , 2015 .

[72]  Dipankar Ghosh,et al.  Improving biohydrogen production using Clostridium beijerinckii immobilized with magnetite nanoparticles , 2015, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

[73]  M. Waligórska.  Fermentative Hydrogen Production - Process Design and Bioreactors , 2012 .

[74]  S. Venkata Mohan,et al.  Self-immobilization of acidogenic mixed consortia on mesoporous material (SBA-15) and activated carbon to enhance fermentative hydrogen production , 2008 .

[75]  I. Sakamoto,et al.  Hydrogen production from cheese whey with ethanol-type fermentation: effect of hydraulic retention time on the microbial community composition. , 2014, Bioresource technology.

[76]  Jo‐Shu Chang,et al.  HRT-dependent hydrogen production and bacterial community structure of mixed anaerobic microflora in suspended, granular and immobilized sludge systems using glucose as the carbon substrate , 2008 .

[77]  Narendra Kumar.  Electron microscopy of hydrogen producing immobilized E. cloacae IIT-BT 08 on natural polymers , 2001 .

[78]  Jo-Shu Chang,et al.  Biohydrogen production with fixed-bed bioreactors , 2002 .

[79]  Gopalakrishnan Kumar,et al.  Lignocellulose biohydrogen: Practical challenges and recent progress , 2015 .