Macroscopic rheology in collagen material.

Abstract The application of continuum analysis to biomechanics is discussed, with emphasis upon the state of macrobiorheology as the key to such analysis of anatomic components. When investigating collagen tissues, three types of tests, illustrating time-dependent effects, are shown to be of interest: creep tests, relaxation tests, and cyclic tests. The use of these tests in obtaining rheological information about the tissues is exemplified by femoral cortical bone and lumbar annulus fibrosus. These areas were chosen because of their clinical interest to orthopedics. It seems quite possible to utilize the data obtained for pathoanatomical discussions as well as for guidance in therapeutic measurements. One additional reason for making rheological investigations of collagenous structures is the need for such knowledge when introducing implants or artificial substitutes.