Application of a single-drop microextraction for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in juice.

In this study, a new method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) (ethoprophos, diazinon, parathion methyl, fenitrothion, malathion, isocarbophos and quinaphos) in orange juice was developed. Single-drop microextraction (SDME) parameters, such as organic solvent, drop volume, agitation rate, extraction time, and salt concentration were optimized through analysis of OPPs in fortified water. The orange juice was simply centrifuged and diluted with water, extracted by SDME and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a flame photometric detection (FPD). Fortification tests were conducted for concentrations between 10 and 500 microg/L; mean relative recoveries for each pesticide were all above 76.2% and below 108.0%. Limits of detection of the method for orange juice were below 5 microg/L for all target pesticides. The repeatability of the proposed method, expressed as relative standard deviation varied between 4.6 and 14.1% (n=5). The proposed method is acceptable in the analysis of OPPs pesticides in juice matrices.

[1]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Solid-phase microextraction versus single-drop microextraction for the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  C. Stalikas,et al.  Single-drop liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  M. Jeannot,et al.  Solvent microextraction into a single drop. , 1996, Analytical chemistry.

[4]  A. Andrews,et al.  Solvent microextraction of chlorinated pesticides , 1999 .

[5]  T. Kumazawa,et al.  Solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in drug analysis , 2003 .

[6]  F. Ahmed,et al.  Analyses of pesticides and their metabolites in foods and drinks , 2001 .

[7]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Drop of Organic Solvent by Using a Conventional Microsyringe , 1997 .

[8]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Application of solvent microextraction to the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[9]  N. Kalogerakis,et al.  Developments in single-drop microextraction , 2002 .

[10]  D. Dubey,et al.  Application of single drop microextraction for analysis of chemical warfare agents and related compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[11]  J. Pawliszyn,et al.  Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[12]  M. Jeannot,et al.  Solvent microextraction as a speciation tool: determination of free progesterone in a protein solution. , 1997, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  J. Simal-Gándara,et al.  Application of single-drop microextraction and comparison with solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of alpha- and beta-endosulfan in water samples by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[14]  Xiao-bai Xu,et al.  Optimization of nonequilibrium liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of nitrobenzenes in aqueous samples by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. , 2004, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[15]  J. Pawliszyn,et al.  Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers , 1990 .

[16]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Application of static and dynamic liquid-phase microextraction in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[17]  C. Nerín,et al.  Application of single-drop microextraction to the determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in food simulants. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[18]  F. Cantwell,et al.  Mass Transfer Characteristics of Solvent Extraction into a Single Drop at the Tip of a Syringe Needle , 1997 .

[19]  Y. Wang,et al.  Application of dynamic liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water by using a conventional microsyringe. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[20]  L. D. de Jager,et al.  Development of a rapid screening technique for organochlorine pesticides using solvent microextraction (SME) and fast gas chromatography (GC). , 2000, The Analyst.

[21]  Hian Kee Lee,et al.  Hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[22]  P. Liang,et al.  Application of liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of phoxim in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector , 2005 .

[23]  J. V. Sancho,et al.  Rapid direct determination of pesticides and metabolites in environmental water samples at sub-microg/l level by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[24]  C. Gonçalves,et al.  Multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of four groups of pesticides in ground and drinking waters, using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography with electron-capture and thermionic specific detection. , 2002, Journal of Chromatography A.

[25]  V. Vickackaite,et al.  Headspace extraction of alcohols into a single drop , 2001 .

[26]  L. D. de Jager,et al.  Development of a screening method for cocaine and cocaine metabolites in urine using solvent microextraction in conjunction with gas chromatography. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.