Information presentation compatibility in a simple digital control panel design: eye-tracking study

Various designs of typical digital control panels were analyzed experimentally from both the effectiveness and efficiency points of view. Subjects performed information comparison tasks aimed at keeping vehicle velocity at the same level. The experiment involved two versions of speedometers for displaying current and target velocities (clock-face and digital). The stimuli were also differentiated by the target velocity value (20, 50 and 80 km/h) and the correct response type (increase or decrease). Subjects’ performance results along with the eye-tracking data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for all 24 experimental conditions.

[1]  P. Fitts,et al.  S-R compatibility: spatial characteristics of stimulus and response codes. , 1953, Journal of experimental psychology.

[2]  Denise C. Park,et al.  Processing of visually presented clock times. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[3]  Sheng-Hsiung Hsu,et al.  Control/Display Relationship of the Four-Burner Stove: A Reexamination , 1993 .

[4]  C. A. Bennett,et al.  Dials v Counters: Effects of Precision on Quantitative Reading , 1973 .

[5]  PAUL M. FITTS,et al.  S-R COMPATIBILITY : SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS STIMULUS AND RESPONSE , 2004 .

[6]  Yury Shtyrov,et al.  The role of executive control in the activation of manual affordances , 2016, Psychological Research.

[7]  Greet Cardon,et al.  Is gaze behaviour in a laboratory context similar to that in real-life? A study in bicyclists , 2016 .

[8]  Philippe De Maeyer,et al.  Examining the validity of the total dwell time of eye fixations to identify landmarks in a building , 2016 .

[9]  R. L. Deininger,et al.  S-R compatibility: correspondence among paired elements within stimulus and response codes. , 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

[10]  T G Moore,et al.  Industrial push-buttons. , 1975, Applied ergonomics.

[11]  F L van Nes.  Determining temporal differences with analogue and digital time displays. , 1972, Ergonomics.

[12]  Jan-Louis Kruger,et al.  Measuring the impact of subtitles on cognitive load: eye tracking and dynamic audiovisual texts , 2013, ETSA '13.

[13]  C F Michaels,et al.  S-R compatibility between response position and destination of apparent motion: evidence of the detection of affordances. , 1988, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[14]  Cristina Conati,et al.  Individual user characteristics and information visualization: connecting the dots through eye tracking , 2013, CHI.

[15]  M. Nicholls,et al.  The effect of cerebral asymmetries and eye scanning on pseudoneglect for a visual search task , 2017, Brain and Cognition.

[16]  Akio Nishimura,et al.  Orthogonal Stimulus–Response Compatibility Effects Emerge Even when the Stimulus Position is Task Irrelevant , 2006, Quarterly journal of experimental psychology.

[17]  Fang-Ying Yang,et al.  Methodology and Application of Eye-Tracking Techniques in Science Education , 2016 .

[18]  Rajesh P. N. Rao,et al.  PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article EYE MOVEMENTS REVEAL THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OE VISUAL SEARCH , 2022 .

[19]  Alphonse Chapanis,et al.  A Reaction Time Study of Four Control-Display Linkages1 , 1959 .

[20]  Rafal Michalski,et al.  Eye Tracking Based Experimental Study on Basic Digital Control Panel Usability , 2016, 2016 Third European Network Intelligence Conference (ENIC).

[21]  Scarlett R Herring,et al.  User-centered evaluation of handle shape and size and input controls for a neutron detector. , 2011, Applied ergonomics.

[22]  M. Posner,et al.  Attention and the detection of signals. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology.

[23]  Sandro Rubichi,et al.  Spatial coding in two dimensions , 2006, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[24]  K. Buss,et al.  Developmental Differences in Infants' Attention to Social and Nonsocial Threats. , 2017, Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies.

[25]  Willem J. M. Levelt,et al.  Naming analog clocks conceptually facilitates naming digital clocks , 2004, Brain and Language.

[26]  D. E. Irwin,et al.  Minding the clock , 2003 .

[27]  Greet Cardon,et al.  The implications of low quality bicycle paths on gaze behavior of cyclists: a field test , 2014 .

[28]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Visual attention within and around the field of focal attention: A zoom lens model , 1986, Perception & psychophysics.

[29]  A. Cangelosi,et al.  Electrophysiological Examination of Embodiment in Vision and Action , 2012, Psychological science.

[30]  Walter F. Grether,et al.  Instrument Reading: the Design of Long-scale Indicators for Speed and Accuracy of Quantitative Readings , 1949 .

[31]  Amanda L. Evenstone,et al.  Multi-methods Approach for Domain-Specific Grounding: An ITS for Connection Making in Chemistry , 2014, Intelligent Tutoring Systems.

[32]  Flexible goal imitation: Vicarious feedback influences stimulus-response binding by observation , 2017, Learning & behavior.

[33]  T G Moore,et al.  Tactile and kinaesthetic aspects of push-buttons. , 1974, Applied ergonomics.

[34]  Joseph H. Goldberg,et al.  Computer interface evaluation using eye movements: methods and constructs , 1999 .

[35]  Peter Veelaert,et al.  Cycling around a Curve: The Effect of Cycling Speed on Steering and Gaze Behavior , 2014, PloS one.

[36]  Greet Cardon,et al.  The visual control of bicycle steering: The effects of speed and path width. , 2013, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[37]  F. Waszak,et al.  The impact of subliminal effect images in voluntary vs. stimulus-driven actions , 2016, Cognition.

[38]  J M Rolfe,et al.  Numerical display problems. , 1971, Applied ergonomics.

[39]  Marilyn Mitchell.  The development of automobile speedometer dials: A balance of ergonomics and style, regulation and power , 2010 .

[40]  M. Just,et al.  Eye fixations and cognitive processes , 1976, Cognitive Psychology.

[41]  Dana Ganor-Stern,et al.  Tracking practice effects in computation estimation , 2016, Psychological research.

[42]  U. Ansorge.  Spatial Simon effects and compatibility effects induced by observed gaze direction , 2003 .

[43]  C. Zeff.  COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL TIME DISPLAYS , 1965 .

[44]  R. C. Langford.  How People Look at Pictures, A Study of the Psychology of Perception in Art. , 1936 .

[45]  R. Sleight,et al.  The effect of instrument dial shape on legibility. , 1948, The Journal of applied psychology.

[46]  J. Smeets,et al.  Nature of variability in saccades. , 2003, Journal of neurophysiology.

[47]  Jerzy Grobelny,et al.  The role of colour preattentive processing in human-computer interaction task efficiency: a preliminary study , 2008, ArXiv.

[48]  P. Subramanian.  Active Vision: The Psychology of Looking and Seeing , 2006 .

[49]  Mirjam Münch,et al.  Gender and age differences in psychomotor vigilance performance under differential sleep pressure conditions , 2006, Behavioural Brain Research.

[50]  The tactual identification of shapes for coding switch handles. , 1955 .

[51]  Pieter Vansteenkiste,et al.  The role of visual information in the steering behaviour of young and adult bicyclists , 2015 .

[52]  Elizabeth J. Saccone,et al.  Explicit spatial compatibility is not critical to the object handle effect. , 2016, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[53]  Daniel Ansari,et al.  Using eye tracking to study numerical cognition: the case of the ratio effect , 2010, Experimental Brain Research.

[54]  van Fl Floris Nes.  Determining temporal differences with analogue and digital time displays , 1972 .

[55]  Frederick A. Muckler.  THE DESIGN OF OPERATOR CONTROLS: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY , 1961 .

[56]  R. Proctor,et al.  Stimulus-response compatibility and psychological refractory period effects: Implications for response selection , 2002, Psychonomic bulletin & review.

[57]  Fu Guo,et al.  Optimization Design of a Webpage Based on Kansei Engineering , 2016 .

[58]  J V Bradley,et al.  Tactual Coding of Cylindrical Knobs1 , 1967, Human factors.

[59]  Alphonse Chapanis.  Studies of Manual Rotary Positioning Movements: I. the Precision of Setting an Indicator Knob to Various Angular Positions , 1951 .

[60]  C. Wickens,et al.  Display Formatting in Information Integration and Nonintegration Tasks , 1987 .

[61]  S. Kornblum,et al.  Stimulus-response compatibility with relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimensions that do and do not overlap with the response. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.