The changing face of desalination — A consulting engineer's viewpoint

Abstract The present major market for desalting plants will continue to rely mainly upon the proven MSF process until local policy dictates a need for resources conservation or the long-term merits of RO, as well as its high energy-efficiency, are well established. On the other hand, industrialized, oil-importing countries, with increasing water shortages and environmental constraints, must develop energy-efficient processes for single- and dual-purpose operation as well as improve RO membranes for desalting of seawater. The needs of small-plant users require particular consideration if the simple yet reliable plants which their circumstances demand are to be satisfied. Solar plants are likely to find their initial commercial applications in this market.