Imaging Industrial Flows: Applications of Electrical Process Tomography

Preface. List of principal symbols. Why is flow imaging needed?: The problem of flow measurement The importance of multi-component flow measurement Terminology Two-component flow measurement: the basic problem Conventional methods of two-component flow measurement Component velocity measurement Component concentration measurement Direct mass flow measurement The flow imaging method of two-component flow measurement The basic subsystems for flow imaging The need for a systematic approach to design Summary. Two-phase fluid dynamics: Introduction Categories of flow images Overview of two-phase phenomena Macroscale flow phenomena Method for predicting flow regime transition for gas/liquid systems Microscale structure Mathematical modelling of two-phase flow Summary. Sensing techniques: Introduction Classification of sensors Measurement for flow imaging Capacitance sensors - a major case study Electrical impedance tomography for flow imaging of conducting fluids - an outline Ultrasonic sensors - an outline Summary. Image reconstruction: Introduction Basic principles of image reconstruction Two-component flow image reconstruction using a two-projection knowledge-based reconstruction algorithm Reconstruction algorithm - capacitive impedance sensing technique Reconstruction algorithms - resistive impedance sensing technique Reconstruction algorithms - ultrasonic flow imaging Summary. Image display and interpretation: Introduction The need for image processing Image presentation The grey level histogram Enhancement of an image using filtering techniques The thresholding technique Shrinking and expansion techniques Measurements on objects in the image Detection of all objects within the image frame Blurring of images caused by backprojection Summary. Applications: Introduction Electrical capacitance tomography - performance parameters Electrical capacitance tomography for imaging gas/solids flows in pneumatic conveyers Electrical capacitance tomography for imaging gas flow in fluidized beds Flow regime identification using electrical capacitance tomography sensing systems Electrical resistance tomography for measuring transient concentration profiles Summary. The future: The need for action The new trends. References. Index.