Application of a wide-field phantom eye for optical coherence tomography and reflectance imaging

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance imaging are used in clinical practice to measure the thickness and transverse dimensions of retinal features. The recent trend towards increasing the field of view (FOV) of these devices has led to an increasing significance of the optical aberrations of both the human eye and the device. We report the design, manufacture and application of the first phantom eye that reproduces the off-axis optical characteristics of the human eye, and allows the performance assessment of wide-field ophthalmic devices. We base our design and manufacture on the wide-field schematic eye, [Navarro, R. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 1985, 2.] as an accurate proxy to the human eye and enable assessment of ophthalmic imaging performance for a external FOV. We used multi-material 3D-printed retinal targets to assess imaging performance of the following ophthalmic instruments: the Optos 200Tx, Heidelberg Spectralis, Zeiss FF4 fundus camera and Optos OCT SLO and use the phantom to provide an insight into some of the challenges of wide-field OCT.

[1]  Ayyakkannu Manivannan,et al.  Ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography of the ocular fundus. , 2005, American journal of ophthalmology.

[2]  Maciej Wojtkowski,et al.  High-speed optical coherence tomography: basics and applications. , 2010, Applied optics.

[3]  B. Pogue,et al.  Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[4]  Jessica C. Ramella-Roman,et al.  Three-dimensional phantoms for curvature correction in spatial frequency domain imaging , 2012, Biomedical optics express.

[5]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Dynamic eye model for adaptive optics testing. , 2007, Applied optics.

[6]  Leonard K. Seibold,et al.  Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal eyes using time-domain and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. , 2010, American journal of ophthalmology.

[7]  A. Kampik,et al.  Wide-field fundus autofluorescence corresponds to visual fields in chorioretinitis patients , 2011, Clinical ophthalmology.

[8]  T. Joshua Pfefer,et al.  Characterizing the point spread function of retinal OCT devices with a model eye-based phantom , 2011, CLEO: 2011 - Laser Science to Photonic Applications.

[9]  D. D. de Bruin,et al.  Optical phantoms of varying geometry based on thin building blocks with controlled optical properties. , 2010, Journal of biomedical optics.

[10]  G. Muyo,et al.  Validation of human whole blood oximetry, using a hyperspectral fundus camera with a model eye. , 2011, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[11]  Lloyd Paul Aiello,et al.  Potential Efficiency Benefits of Nonmydriatic Ultrawide Field Retinal Imaging in an Ocular Telehealth Diabetic Retinopathy Program , 2013, Diabetes Care.

[12]  Jianting Wang,et al.  Three-dimensional printing of tissue phantoms for biophotonic imaging. , 2014, Optics letters.

[13]  Robert J. Zawadzki,et al.  New developments in eye models with retina tissue phantoms for ophthalmic optical coherence tomography , 2012, BiOS.

[14]  Lala Ceklic,et al.  Macular thickness measurements in healthy eyes using six different optical coherence tomography instruments. , 2009, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[15]  Jennifer K. Sun,et al.  Ultra-wide Field Retinal Imaging in Detection, Classification, and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy , 2012, Seminars in Ophthalmology.

[16]  Chris Dainty,et al.  Wide-field schematic eye models with gradient-index lens. , 2007, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[17]  Brendan F Kennedy,et al.  Structured three-dimensional optical phantom for optical coherence tomography. , 2011, Optics express.

[18]  Robert J. Nordstrom,et al.  Phantoms as standards in optical measurements , 2011, BiOS.

[19]  R. Huber,et al.  Megahertz OCT for ultrawide-field retinal imaging with a 1050 nm Fourier domain mode-locked laser. , 2011, Optics express.

[20]  Arthur Ho,et al.  Finite schematic eye models and their accuracy to in-vivo data , 2008, Vision Research.

[21]  Andrew R. Harvey,et al.  Development of a widefield phantom eye for retinal optical coherence tomography , 2014, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[22]  Daniel X. Hammer,et al.  Retina-simulating phantom for optical coherence tomography , 2013, Journal of biomedical optics.

[23]  Mark Hewko,et al.  Speckle noise attenuation in optical coherence tomography by compounding images acquired at different positions of the sample , 2007 .

[24]  Sergio Barbero,et al.  Myopic versus hyperopic eyes: axial length, corneal shape and optical aberrations. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[25]  Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny,et al.  Diabetes care , 2019, Health at a Glance.

[26]  T. Joshua Pfefer,et al.  Multilayer thin-film phantoms for axial contrast transfer function measurement in optical coherence tomography , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[27]  R. Navarro,et al.  Accommodation-dependent model of the human eye with aspherics. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[28]  Wolfgang Drexler,et al.  Three-dimensional calibration targets for optical coherence tomography , 2012, BiOS.

[29]  Christian Simader,et al.  A systematic comparison of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence in patients with geographic atrophy. , 2011, Ophthalmology.