A Widespread Review of Smart Grids Towards Smart Cities

Nowadays, the importance of energy management and optimization by means of smart devices has arisen as an important issue. On the other hand, the intelligent application of smart devices stands as a key element in establishing smart cities, which have been suggested as the solution to complicated future urbanization difficulties in coming years. Considering the scarcity of traditional fossil fuels in the near future, besides their ecological problems the new smart grids have demonstrated the potential to merge the non-renewable and renewable energy resources into each other leading to the reduction of environmental problems and optimizing operating costs. The current paper clarifies the importance of smart grids in launching smart cities by reviewing the advancement of micro/nano grids, applications of renewable energies, energy-storage technologies, smart water grids in smart cities. Additionally a review of the major European smart city projects has been carried out. These will offer a wider vision for researchers in the operation, monitoring, control and audit of smart-grid systems.

[1]  Alexandre Lucas,et al.  Smart Grid Energy Storage Controller for Frequency Regulation and Peak Shaving, using a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery , 2016 .

[2]  Karl Weber,et al.  Challenges and Integration of PV and Wind Energy Facilities from a Smart Grid Point of View , 2012 .

[3]  Antorweep Chakravorty,et al.  Evaluating Feature Selection Methods for Short-Term Load Forecasting , 2019, 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp).

[4]  H. Bulkeley,et al.  Making a smart city for the smart grid? The urban material politics of actualising smart electricity networks , 2016 .

[5]  Yu-Chih Hsiao,et al.  A Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter With Battery Balancing , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[6]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  BEVs/PHEVs as Dispersed Energy Storage for V2B Uses in the Smart Grid , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[7]  Eric C. Larson,et al.  HydroSense: infrastructure-mediated single-point sensing of whole-home water activity , 2009, UbiComp.

[8]  Q. Jiang,et al.  Energy Management of Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[9]  Andreas Hauser,et al.  Rigorous Risk Assessment of the Adoption of Smart Water Applications , 2013 .

[10]  Andrew J. Whittle,et al.  Case study: a smart water grid in Singapore , 2012 .

[11]  Xinghuo Yu,et al.  The New Frontier of Smart Grids , 2011, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[12]  Mauro Curiale.  From smart grids to smart city , 2014, 2014 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Conference (SASG).

[13]  Panagiotis D. Christofides,et al.  Supervisory Predictive Control for Long-Term Scheduling of an Integrated Wind/Solar Energy Generation and Water Desalination System , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[14]  Bruno Francois,et al.  Emission Reduction and Economical Optimization of an Urban Microgrid Operation Including Dispatched PV-Based Active Generators , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[15]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  Optimal energy storage control policies for the smart power grid , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm).

[16]  Mauro Conti,et al.  Computational intelligence approaches for energy load forecasting in smart energy management grids: state of the art, future challenges, and research directionsand Research Directions , 2018 .

[17]  Carlos Bordons,et al.  Optimal Economical Schedule of Hydrogen-Based Microgrids With Hybrid Storage Using Model Predictive Control , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Francesco Piazza,et al.  A review of datasets and load forecasting techniques for smart natural gas and water grids: Analysis and experiments , 2015, Neurocomputing.

[19]  Saad Mekhilef,et al.  Energy management and performance evaluation of grid connected PV-battery hybrid system with inherent control scheme , 2018 .

[20]  Jen-Hao Teng,et al.  Optimal Charging/Discharging Scheduling of Battery Storage Systems for Distribution Systems Interconnected With Sizeable PV Generation Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[21]  Gilsung Byeon,et al.  Energy Management Strategy of the DC Distribution System in Buildings Using the EV Service Model , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[22]  Wayes Tushar,et al.  Energy Management for Joint Operation of CHP and PV Prosumers Inside a Grid-Connected Microgrid: A Game Theoretic Approach , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[23]  Philippe Gourbesville,et al.  Sustainable Water Distribution Strategy with Smart Water Grid , 2015 .

[24]  Saraju P. Mohanty,et al.  Everything You Wanted to Know About Smart Cities , 2016, IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag..

[25]  Francesco Piazza,et al.  A novelty detection approach to identify the occurrence of leakage in smart gas and water grids , 2015, 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[26]  Park Kyung-Hye,et al.  A study on the factors that affect the adoption of Smart Water Grid , 2014, Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques.

[27]  Mietek Glinkowski,et al.  Advances in Wind Energy Technologies in the Context of Smart Grid , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[28]  Jihong Wang,et al.  A review on compressed air energy storage – A pathway for smart grid and polygeneration , 2016 .

[29]  Joao P. S. Catalao,et al.  Photovoltaic and wind energy systems monitoring and building/home energy management using ZigBee devices within a smart grid , 2013 .

[30]  David Lindley,et al.  Smart grids: The energy storage problem , 2010, Nature.

[31]  Panagiotis D. Christofides,et al.  A distributed control framework for smart grid development: Energy/water system optimal operation and electric grid integration , 2011 .

[32]  Francesco Piazza,et al.  Wireless M-Bus sensor nodes in smart water grids: The energy issue , 2013, 2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP).

[33]  Osama A. Mohammed,et al.  Real-Time Energy Management Algorithm for Mitigation of Pulse Loads in Hybrid Microgrids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[34]  M. Liserre,et al.  Future Energy Systems: Integrating Renewable Energy Sources into the Smart Power Grid Through Industrial Electronics , 2010, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[35]  Theresa A. Pardo,et al.  Smart city as urban innovation: focusing on management, policy, and context , 2011, ICEGOV '11.

[36]  Shay Bahramirad,et al.  Grid Modernization Is Paving the Way for Building Smarter Cities [Technology Leaders] , 2018, IEEE Electrification Magazine.

[37]  E. Ortjohann,et al.  Challenges in integrating distributed Energy storage systems into future smart grid , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[38]  T. M. Chen,et al.  Smart grids, smart cities need better networks [Editor's Note] , 2010, IEEE Netw..

[39]  Euy Joon Lee,et al.  Performance analysis of a hybrid renewable microgeneration system in load sharing applications , 2014 .

[40]  Rupesh G. Wandhare,et al.  Novel Stability Enhancing Control Strategy for Centralized PV-Grid Systems for Smart Grid Applications , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[41]  Elizabeth Chang,et al.  Prosumer Communities and Relationships in Smart Grids: A Literature Review, Evolution and Future Directions , 2018, Energies.

[42]  F. Sperling,et al.  Organ, body weight, protein; organ and fat; organ ratios in large albino rats. , 1953, Growth.

[43]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[44]  Sonia Martínez,et al.  Storage Size Determination for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[45]  Issarachai Ngamroo,et al.  Robust LFC in a Smart Grid With Wind Power Penetration by Coordinated V2G Control and Frequency Controller , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[46]  Mathias Uslar,et al.  Applying the Smart Grid Architecture Model for Designing and Validating System-of-Systems in the Power and Energy Domain: A European Perspective , 2019, Energies.

[47]  Yasser Abdel-Rady I. Mohamed,et al.  DG Mix, Reactive Sources and Energy Storage Units for Optimizing Microgrid Reliability and Supply Security , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[48]  Z. R. Ivanovic,et al.  HIL Evaluation of Power Flow Control Strategies for Energy Storage Connected to Smart Grid Under Unbalanced Conditions , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[49]  Kevin P. Schneider,et al.  The Smart Grid: An Estimation of the Energy and CO2 Benefits , 2010 .

[50]  Jaime Lloret,et al.  A Survey on Electric Power Demand Forecasting: Future Trends in Smart Grids, Microgrids and Smart Buildings , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[51]  Yongduan Song,et al.  Distributed Economic Dispatch for Smart Grids With Random Wind Power , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[52]  Stein W. Wallace,et al.  Synergy of smart grids and hybrid distributed generation on the value of energy storage , 2016 .

[53]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  A Multi-Tenant Cloud-Based DC Nano Grid for Self-Sustained Smart Buildings in Smart Cities , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[54]  Philippe Gourbesville.  ICT for Water Efficiency , 2011 .

[55]  Joon Ha Kim,et al.  Smart water grid: the future water management platform , 2015 .

[56]  Vivek Agarwal,et al.  Reactive Power Capacity Enhancement of a PV-Grid System to Increase PV Penetration Level in Smart Grid Scenario , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[57]  Ho-Sun Lee,et al.  Barriers and Solutions to Smart Water Grid Development , 2016, Environmental Management.

[58]  Jayant Kalagnanam,et al.  Foundations for Smarter Cities , 2010, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[59]  Jie Liu,et al.  A Heuristic Operation Strategy for Commercial Building Microgrids Containing EVs and PV System , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[60]  Luis Hernández-Callejo,et al.  A Comprehensive Review of Operation and Control, Maintenance and Lifespan Management, Grid Planning and Design, and Metering in Smart Grids , 2019, Energies.

[61]  Emilio Figueres,et al.  Reconfigurable Control Scheme for a PV Microinverter Working in Both Grid-Connected and Island Modes , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[62]  Bhagya Nathali Silva,et al.  Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities , 2018 .

[63]  Miao He,et al.  Multiple timescale dispatch and scheduling for stochastic reliability in smart grids with wind generation integration , 2011, 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[64]  Sharon S. Brehm,et al.  Introduction: Freedom, Control, and Reactance Theory , 1981 .

[65]  Peter Palensky,et al.  Communication and Computation in Buildings: A Short Introduction and Overview , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[66]  Mohsen Assadi,et al.  Performance analysis of a single stage absorption heat transformer‐based desalination system employing a new working pair of (EMIM) (DMP)/H2O , 2018, International Journal of Energy Research.

[67]  V. C. Gungor,et al.  Smart Grid and Smart Homes: Key Players and Pilot Projects , 2012, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine.

[68]  Cuong P. Nguyen,et al.  Agent Based Restoration With Distributed Energy Storage Support in Smart Grids , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[69]  Jesús Lizana,et al.  Energy flexible building through smart demand-side management and latent heat storage , 2018, Applied Energy.

[70]  M. Sami Fadali,et al.  Smart Scheduling and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Grid-Enabled Electric Vehicles for Wind Power Integration , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[71]  Stefano Squartini,et al.  Computational Intelligence in Smart water and gas grids: An up-to-date overview , 2014, 2014 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[72]  Sergiu Stelian Iliescu,et al.  Microgrid simulation for smart city , 2017, 2017 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS).

[73]  Miao He,et al.  A Multi-Timescale Scheduling Approach for Stochastic Reliability in Smart Grids With Wind Generation and Opportunistic Demand , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[74]  A. Chitsaz,et al.  Thermodynamic assessment of a novel multi-generation solid oxide fuel cell-based system for production of electrical power, cooling, fresh water, and hydrogen , 2019, Energy Conversion and Management.

[75]  Somanath Majhi,et al.  Small-scale solar plants coupled with smart public transport system and its coordination with the grid , 2017 .

[76]  Nouredine Hadjsaid,et al.  Smart (Electricity) Grids for Smart Cities: Assessing Roles and Societal Impacts , 2018, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[77]  Arun Kumar Verma,et al.  Grid-interfaced Solar Photovoltaic Smart Building with Bidirectional Power Flow Between Grid and Electric Vehicle with Improved Power Quality , 2016 .

[78]  Stefano Squartini,et al.  Smart water grids for smart cities: A sustainable prototype demonstrator , 2014, 2014 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC).

[79]  Zhao Xu,et al.  Towards a Danish power system with 50% wind — Smart grids activities in denmark , 2009, 2009 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[80]  Farrokh Aminifar,et al.  Networked Microgrids for Enhancing the Power System Resilience , 2017, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[81]  Chet Sandberg,et al.  The Role of Energy Storage in Development of Smart Grids , 2011, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[82]  R. Hollands.  Will the real smart city please stand up? , 2008, The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities.

[83]  Fabrice Locment,et al.  Building Integrated Photovoltaic System With Energy Storage and Smart Grid Communication , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[84]  Nagender Kumar Suryadevara,et al.  Smart Plugs: Paradigms and Applications in the Smart City-and-Smart Grid , 2019, Energies.

[85]  Luigi Martirano,et al.  EV fast charging stations and energy storage technologies: A real implementation in the smart micro grid paradigm , 2015 .

[86]  Bruno Francois,et al.  Energy Management and Operational Planning of a Microgrid With a PV-Based Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[87]  Miao Li,et al.  Smart grid supports the future intelligent city development , 2016, 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC).

[88]  Ron Shu-Yuen Hui,et al.  Reduction of Energy Storage Requirements in Future Smart Grid Using Electric Springs , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[89]  Hossein Lotfi,et al.  State of the Art in Research on Microgrids: A Review , 2015, IEEE Access.

[90]  Peter Palensky,et al.  Demand Side Management: Demand Response, Intelligent Energy Systems, and Smart Loads , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[91]  Yilu Liu,et al.  Active power control of solar PV generation for large interconnection frequency regulation and oscillation damping , 2016 .

[92]  Øystein Arild,et al.  Optimum performance of a single effect desalination unit integrated with a SOFC system by multi-objective thermo-economic optimization based on genetic algorithm , 2019, Energy.

[93]  Frederico G. Guimarães,et al.  A communitarian microgrid storage planning system inside the scope of a smart city , 2017 .

[94]  Djamel Boukhetala,et al.  A local energy management of a hybrid PV-storage based distributed generation for microgrids , 2015 .

[95]  Alagan Anpalagan,et al.  Efficient Energy Management for the Internet of Things in Smart Cities , 2017, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[96]  Ned Djilali,et al.  Modeling framework and validation of a smart grid and demand response system for wind power integration , 2014 .

[97]  N. Abas,et al.  Review of energy storage and transportation of energy , 2019, Energy Storage.

[98]  Paul F. Boulos,et al.  Can We Make Water Systems Smarter , 2013 .

[99]  Fuat Egelioğlu,et al.  An experimental comparative study on different configurations of basin solar still , 2016 .

[100]  Francesco Piazza,et al.  Wireless M-Bus Sensor Networks for Smart Water Grids: Analysis and Results , 2014, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[101]  Simon Joss,et al.  Sustainable–Smart–Resilient–Low Carbon–Eco–Knowledge Cities; Making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization , 2015 .