Selection of micro-cogeneration for net zero energy buildings (NZEB) using weighted energy matching index

Abstract Recently, the extended matching indices for electrical and thermal energy were defined for different types of energy use and conversion based on two basic matching indices: on-site energy fraction (OEF), which is the load proportion covered by the on-site generated energy, and on-site energy matching (OEM), which is the on-site generated energy proportion utilized by the load rather than being dumped or exported. Additionally, the overall weighted matching index (WMI) was proposed, combining the extended indices by multiplying them by certain weighting factors expressing the preferences of each. This study presents a new model calculating the weighting factors of the WMI based on the non-renewable primary energy factors of different energy carriers involving the imported fuel, for micro-cogeneration (μ-CHP) under thermal and electrical tracking strategies, with electrical and thermal heat grid feed-in schemes reflecting two opposite extreme matching situations in the net zero energy building: load-matching priority and energy export priority strategies. The model is generic and can be used for hybrid micro-generation options. As a case, a single family house served by a μ-CHP is analyzed under a wide range of electrical outputs and power-to-heat ratios. The μ-CHPs’ characteristics are selected according to the highest WMI.

[1]  P. R. Spina,et al.  Analysis of innovative micro-CHP systems to meet household energy demands , 2012 .

[2]  Marc A. Rosen,et al.  Allocating carbon dioxide emissions from cogeneration systems: descriptions of selected output-based methods. , 2008 .

[3]  Iduvirges Lourdes Muller,et al.  Performance of a PEMFC system integrated with a biogas chemical looping reforming processor: A theoretical analysis and comparison with other fuel processors (steam reforming, partial oxidation and auto-thermal reforming) , 2012 .

[4]  F. Hamdullahpur,et al.  Performance Evaluation of Different Configurations of Biogas-Fuelled SOFC Micro-CHP Systems for Residential Applications , 2010 .

[5]  Viktor Dorer,et al.  Energy and CO2 emissions performance assessment of residential micro-cogeneration systems with dynamic whole-building simulation programs , 2009 .

[6]  P. Torcellini,et al.  Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Definition; Preprint , 2006 .

[7]  Karsten Voss,et al.  Load Matching and Grid Interaction of Net Zero Energy Buildings , 2010 .

[8]  Jaume Salom,et al.  Understanding net zero energy buildings: Evaluation of load matching and grid interaction indicators , 2011 .

[9]  Roger G. Marchand,et al.  Micro-generation technology assessment for housing technology , 2004 .

[10]  D Mertens,et al.  Micro-CHP systems for residential applications , 2006 .

[11]  Karsten Voss,et al.  Net zero energy buildings: A consistent definition framework , 2012 .

[12]  Karsten Voss,et al.  Net Zero Energy Buildings: International Projects of Carbon Neutrality in Buildings , 2013 .

[13]  Ala Hasan,et al.  Matching analysis for on-site hybrid renewable energy systems of office buildings with extended indices , 2014 .

[14]  Gholamhassan Najafi,et al.  Micro combined heat and power (MCHP) technologies and applications , 2013 .

[15]  Björn Berggren,et al.  Evaluation and optimization of a Swedish Net ZEB - Using load matching and grid interaction indicators , 2012 .

[16]  M. Hamdy,et al.  A multi-stage optimization method for cost-optimal and nearly-zero-energy building solutions in line with the EPBD-recast 2010 , 2013 .

[17]  Peter Tzscheutschler,et al.  Experimental analysis of microcogenerators based on different prime movers , 2011 .

[18]  Per Heiselberg,et al.  Zero energy buildings and mismatch compensation factors , 2011 .

[19]  Ala Hasan,et al.  On-site energy matching indices for buildings with energy conversion, storage and hybrid grid connections , 2013 .

[20]  Francesco Melino,et al.  Performance analysis of an integrated CHP system with thermal and Electric Energy Storage for residential application , 2013 .

[21]  Rasmus Lund Jensen,et al.  On-site or off-site renewable energy supply options? Life cycle cost analysis of a Net Zero Energy Building in Denmark , 2012 .

[22]  Hongbo Ren,et al.  Economic and environmental evaluation of micro CHP systems with different operating modes for residential buildings in Japan , 2010 .

[23]  Eric Brown,et al.  Report no. 4 , 1873 .

[24]  Bernd Möller,et al.  Excess heat production of future net zero energy buildings within district heating areas in Denmark , 2012 .

[25]  Eike Musall,et al.  Zero Energy Building A review of definitions and calculation methodologies , 2011 .

[26]  Ala Hasan,et al.  Energy matching analysis of on-site micro-cogeneration for a single-family house with thermal and electrical tracking strategies , 2014 .

[27]  Martin Börjesson,et al.  Cost-effective biogas utilisation – A modelling assessment of gas infrastructural options in a regional energy system , 2012 .

[28]  Bruno Peuportier,et al.  Energy and environmental assessment of two high energy performance residential buildings , 2012 .

[29]  Ala Hasan,et al.  Fulfillment of net-zero energy building (NZEB) with four metrics in a single family house with different heating alternatives , 2014 .

[30]  R.W.R. Zwart,et al.  Greenhouse gas and energy analysis of substitute natural gas from biomass for space heat , 2012 .

[31]  Kari Alanne,et al.  Techno-economic assessment and optimization of Stirling engine micro-cogeneration systems in residential buildings , 2010 .

[32]  S. Saxena,et al.  Experimental study of biogas combustion in an HCCI engine for power generation with high indicated efficiency and ultra-low NOx emissions. , 2012 .