Biomechanics of anterior knee pain.

Understanding the biomechanics of the patellofemoral mechanism is one of the prerequisites towards successful treatment of patients with patellofemoral pathology. Although most orthopaedic surgeons have a superficial understanding of patellofemoral biomechanics, many of the clinically important characteristics are not always fully appreciated. In this review paper a clinically oriented review of patellofemoral biomechanics is presented, which differs from the traditional viewpoint of the biomechanical engineer, by focusing on the aspects that are of real importance to the clinician. Precise knowledge of these basic biomechanics are valuable to the orthopaedic surgeon, in understanding symptoms and pathology related to the patellofemoral mechanism, as well as in the determination of operative and conservative treatment strategies.

[1]  Louis F Draganich,et al.  The Effects of Removal and Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on the Contact Characteristics of the Patellofemoral Joint , 2002, The American journal of sports medicine.

[2]  R. Grelsamer,et al.  Applied biomechanics of the patella. , 2001, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[3]  A. M. Ahmed,et al.  Force analysis of the patellar mechanism , 1987, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[4]  J. Otis,et al.  The effects of sectioning of the posterior cruciate ligament and the posterolateral complex on the articular contact pressures within the knee. , 1993, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[5]  D. Hungerford,et al.  Experimental determination of forces transmitted through the patello-femoral joint. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.

[6]  P. Maquet.  Advancement of the tibial tuberosity. , 1976, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[7]  Hehne Hj.  Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint and its clinical relevance. , 1990, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[8]  Freddie H. Fu,et al.  Relief of patellofemoral contact stress by anterior displacement of the tibial tubercle. , 1979, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[9]  E. Hille,et al.  Pressure and contact-surface measurements within the femoropatellar joint and their variations following lateral release , 1985, Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery.

[10]  J. C. Hughston,et al.  Complications of extensor mechanism surgery for patellar malalignment. , 1995, American journal of orthopedics.

[11]  L. Draganich,et al.  The Effects of Removal and Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on Patellofemoral Kinematics , 1998, The American journal of sports medicine.

[12]  W. Hayes,et al.  Force ratios in the quadriceps tendon and ligamentum patellae , 1984, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[13]  W C Hayes,et al.  Patellofemoral contact pressures. The influence of q-angle and tendofemoral contact. , 1984, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[14]  D. Hungerford,et al.  Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. , 1979, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[15]  D. Lewallen,et al.  Effects of retinacular release and tibial tubercle elevation in patellofemoral degenerative joint disease , 1990, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[16]  J. Karlsson,et al.  Lowering of the patella secondary to anterior advancement of the tibial tubercle for the patellofemoral pain syndrome , 2004, Archives of orthopaedic and traumatic surgery.

[17]  M. Miranda,et al.  Anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer without bone graft , 1990, The American journal of sports medicine.