THE FULL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSPORTATION: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL ISSUES. IN: THE FULL COSTS AND BENEFITS OF TRANSPORTATION: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THEORY, METHOD, AND MEASUREMENT

The full public, public and private, monetary and nonmonetary, intended and nonintended costs of transportation systems have been the subject of numerous studies, both in Europe and the U.S.A. This paper reviews some key conceptual and theoretical issues in the identification and measurement of transportation's costs and benefits. The paper identifies the following three perspectives: promoting economic efficiency; comparing alternative states of the world, and: evaluating questions of equity. Each implies a different paradigm and requires different methods of analysis. This paper also briefly describes each perspective and attempts to indentify unresolved questions and clarify critical areas in need of further work.

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