Dynamic simulation of BACS (Building Automation and Control Systems) for the energy retrofitting of a secondary school

School buildings in Italy are affected by large energy losses. Moreover, the energy efficiency market is growing, but it is not considering the entire potential of the building automation technologies yet (DIG, 2011). In order to test the relevance of these measures, a reference building was designed according to different references, as representative of the national stock of school buildings. It was simulated in order to obtain the energy requirements breakdown and select different technical upgrades with reference to the EN 15232 standard. The results, analysed for single measures and packages for two different HVAC system types (radiators and fan coils), showed reductions in the primary energy requirements up to 30% - 40%