Responsible research and innovation: The role of privacy in an emerging framework

The concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) is increasingly used to describe novel ways of governing research and the relationship between key research stakeholders including researchers, industry, policy-makers and civil society. It is thus of key importance for science, research and innovation policy. This paper defines RRI as a higher-level responsibility or meta-responsibility that aims to shape, maintain, develop, coordinate and align existing and novel research and innovation-related processes, actors and responsibilities with a view to ensuring desirable and acceptable research outcomes. It shows the role privacy has in the developing framework of RRI. The paper discusses dimensions of RRI as well as weaknesses of the current approach towards RRI and provides future directions for research and practice that will allow RRI to live up to its promise and ensure that past and present work on privacy and data protection find an appropriate place within this framework. Copyright The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press., Oxford University Press.

[1]  A.W.M. Meijers,et al.  Philosophy of technology and engineering sciences , 2009 .

[2]  S. John In Defence of Bad Science and Irrational Policies: an Alternative Account of the Precautionary Principle , 2010 .

[3]  J. Habermas,et al.  Der philosophische Diskurs der Moderne. Zwölf Vorlesungen. , 2001 .

[4]  R. V. Schomberg A Vision of Responsible Research and Innovation , 2013 .

[5]  Ben R. Martin,et al.  The origins of the concept of ‘foresight’ in science and technology: An insider's perspective , 2010 .

[6]  Carmela Troncoso,et al.  Engineering Privacy by Design , 2011 .

[7]  John Martin Fischer,et al.  Recent Work on Moral Responsibility* , 1999, Ethics.

[8]  Josep Domingo-Ferrer,et al.  FuturICT — The road towards ethical ICT , 2012, The European Physical Journal Special Topics.

[9]  Philip A.E. Brey,et al.  Anticipatory Ethics for Emerging Technologies , 2012, NanoEthics.

[10]  Ziauddin Sardar,et al.  The Namesake: Futures; futures studies; futurology; futuristic; foresight—What's in a name? , 2010 .

[11]  Michael Decker,et al.  Bridges between science, society and policy : technology assessment - methods and impacts , 2004 .

[12]  P. Brey,et al.  Anticipating ethical issues in emerging IT , 2012, Ethics and Information Technology.

[13]  Richard Owen,et al.  Responsible Innovation: A Pilot Study with the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council , 2010, Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis.

[14]  M. Nussbaum Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach , 2011 .

[15]  A. Sen,et al.  The idea of justice , 2009, Princeton Readings in Political Thought.

[16]  K. Leisinger Capitalism with a Human Face The UN Global Compact , 2007 .

[17]  Roger Clarke,et al.  Privacy impact assessment: Its origins and development , 2009, Comput. Law Secur. Rev..

[18]  Stephen M. Gardiner,et al.  A Core Precautionary Principle , 2006 .

[19]  Jeroen van den Hoven,et al.  The Need for a Value-Sensitive Design of Communication Infrastructures , 2009 .

[20]  Armin Grunwald,et al.  Converging technologies: Visions, increased contingencies of the conditio humana, and search for orientation , 2007 .

[21]  Amy Gutmann,et al.  The Ethics of Synthetic Biology: Guiding Principles for Emerging Technologies , 2011, The Hastings Center report.

[22]  Audley Genus,et al.  On Constructive Technology Assessment and Limitations on Public Participation in Technology Assessment , 2005, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag..

[23]  G. Rowe,et al.  A Typology of Public Engagement Mechanisms , 2005 .

[24]  R. V. Schomberg Towards Responsible Research and Innovation in the Information and Communication Technologies and Security Technologies Fields , 2011 .

[25]  Simon Rogerson,et al.  RESPONSIBLE RISK ANALYSIS FOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: CREATING THE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT STATEMENT , 2005 .

[26]  Louis D. Brandeis,et al.  The Right to Privacy , 1890 .

[27]  K. Cuhls From forecasting to foresight processes—new participative foresight activities in Germany , 2003 .

[28]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  Morality, Ethics, and Reflection: A Categorization of Normative IS Research , 2012, J. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[29]  Claire Marris,et al.  The Transnational Governance of Synthetic Biology: Scientific uncertainty, cross-borderness and the ‘art’ of governance. For the Royal Society Science Policy Centre (UK). , 2011 .

[30]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  Responsible Management of Information Systems , 2003 .

[31]  Peter Schaar,et al.  Privacy by Design , 2010 .

[32]  Armin Grunwald,et al.  Responsible innovation: bringing together technology assessment, applied ethics, and STS research , 2011 .

[33]  David Wright,et al.  A framework for the ethical impact assessment of information technology , 2011, Ethics and Information Technology.

[34]  Penny Duquenoy,et al.  Ethical assessment of new technologies: a meta-methodology , 2011, J. Inf. Commun. Ethics Soc..

[35]  J. Wajcman Feminist Theories of Technology , 2010 .

[36]  Janice Singer,et al.  Ethical Issues in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering , 2002, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[37]  Effie Amanatidou,et al.  Orienting European innovation systems towards grand challenges and the roles that FTA can play , 2012 .

[38]  C. Gilligan In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982. , 1982 .

[39]  Michael Friedewald,et al.  Precaution and privacy impact assessment as modes towards risk governance , 2011 .

[40]  Bernd Carsten Stahl,et al.  Responsible Research and Innovation in Information and Communication Technology: Identifying and Engaging with the Ethical Implications of ICTs , 2013 .

[41]  Simon Joss,et al.  Participatory technology assessment: European perspectives , 2002 .

[42]  P Pafko,et al.  [Right to privacy]. , 2013, Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti.

[43]  U. Beck Risikogesellschaft auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne , 1986 .

[44]  J. Stilgoe,et al.  Responsible research and innovation: From science in society to science for society, with society , 2012, Emerging Technologies: Ethics, Law and Governance.

[45]  Paul Sollie,et al.  Evaluating new technologies : methodological problems for the ethical assessment of technology developments , 2009 .

[46]  R. V. Schomberg Prospects for Technology Assessment in a Framework of Responsible Research and Innovation , 2011 .

[47]  C. Mitcham,et al.  Midstream Modulation of Technology: Governance From Within , 2006 .

[48]  A. Rip,et al.  The past and future of constructive technology assessment , 1997 .