Porous alumina with shaped pore geometries and complex pore architectures fabricated by cyclic anodization.

The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) architectures withnanoscale dimensions is still an evolving research area ofnanotechnology. Various methodologies including conven-tional and unconventional fabrications, such as photolitho-graphy, scanning beam lithography, molding, embossing, andimprinting, have been developed in the past decade.

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