Haar-Wavelet-Based Just Noticeable Distortion Model for Transparent Watermark

Watermark transparency is required mainly for copyright protection. Based on the characteristics of human visual system, the just noticeable distortion (JND) can be used to verify the transparency requirement. More specifically, any watermarks whose intensities are less than the JND values of an image can be added without degrading the visual quality. It takes extensive experimentations for an appropriate JND model. Motivated by the texture masking effect and the spatial masking effect, which are key factors of JND, Chou and Li (1995) proposed the well-known full-band JND model for the transparent watermark applications. In this paper, we propose a novel JND model based on discrete wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed JND model is comparable to that of the full-band JND model. However, it has the advantage of saving a lot of computation time; the speed is about 6 times faster than that of the full-band JND model.

[1]  Ming Li.  Fractal Time Series—A Tutorial Review , 2010 .

[2]  Raymond F. Boyer,et al.  Thermal Expansion and Second‐Order Transition Effects in High Polymers: PART II. Theory , 1945 .

[3]  Ezzat G. Bakhoum,et al.  Mathematical Transform of Traveling-Wave Equations and Phase Aspects of Quantum Interaction , 2010 .

[4]  Myo Taeg Lim,et al.  Combined preorder and postorder traversal algorithm for the analysis of singular systems by Haar wavelets , 2008 .

[5]  C. Cattani.  Shannon Wavelets Theory , 2008 .

[6]  Carlo Cattani,et al.  Harmonic wavelet approximation of random, fractal and high frequency signals , 2010, Telecommun. Syst..

[7]  Mauro Barni,et al.  Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking , 2001, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[8]  Robert J. Safranek,et al.  Signal compression based on models of human perception , 1993, Proc. IEEE.

[9]  Hsi-Chin Hsin,et al.  A Hybrid Image Coder Based on SPIHT Algorithm with Embedded Block Coding , 2007, IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci..

[10]  Bernd Girod,et al.  Psychovisual aspects of image communication , 1992, Signal Process..

[11]  Stefan Winkler,et al.  A vision-based masking model for spread-spectrum image watermarking , 2002, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[12]  Patrick Le Callet,et al.  A robust image watermarking technique based on quantization noise visibility thresholds , 2007, Signal Process..

[13]  Ezzat G. Bakhoum,et al.  Specific Mathematical Aspects of Dynamics Generated by Coherence Functions , 2011 .

[14]  Hsi-Chin Hsin,et al.  Adaptive Selection and Rearrangement of Wavelet Packets for Quad-Tree Image Coding , 2008, IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci..

[15]  Jürgen Pandel.  Variable bit-rate image sequence coding with adaptive quantization , 1991, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[16]  Massimo Scalia,et al.  Analysis of Large-Amplitude Pulses in Short Time Intervals: Application to Neuron Interactions , 2010 .

[17]  S. Prakash,et al.  Fixed-point error analysis of radix-4 FFT , 1981 .

[18]  Zhongjie Wang,et al.  Improved Generalized Belief Propagation for Vision Processing , 2011 .

[19]  Shengyong Chen,et al.  Parametric Shape Representation by a Deformable NURBS Model for Cardiac Functional Measurements , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[20]  Ming Li,et al.  Representation of a Stochastic Traffic Bound , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[21]  Ming Li.  Generation of teletraffic of generalized Cauchy type , 2010 .

[22]  Ahmed H. Tewfik,et al.  Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[23]  Weisi Lin,et al.  Motion-compensated residue preprocessing in video coding based on just-noticeable-distortion profile , 2005, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[24]  Ingemar J. Cox,et al.  Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia , 1997, IEEE Trans. Image Process..

[25]  Dong-Sik Jang,et al.  Expert system for low frequency adaptive image watermarking: Using psychological experiments on human image perception , 2007, Expert Syst. Appl..

[26]  Jean-Francois Delaigle,et al.  Invisibility and application functionalities in perceptual watermarking an overview , 2002, Proc. IEEE.

[27]  Chun-Hsien Chou,et al.  A perceptually tuned subband image coder based on the measure of just-noticeable-distortion profile , 1995, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[28]  Jiying Zhao,et al.  Human visual system based adaptive digital image watermarking , 2008, Signal Process..

[29]  A. Aydin Alatan,et al.  Oblivious Spatio-Temporal Watermarking of Digital Video by Exploiting the Human Visual System , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[30]  Carlo Cattani,et al.  Application of Periodized Harmonic Wavelets towards Solution of Eigenvalue Problems for Integral Equations , 2010 .

[31]  Jianwei Zhang,et al.  Vision Processing for Realtime 3-D Data Acquisition Based on Coded Structured Light , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[32]  Nikil Jayant,et al.  Signal Compression: Technology Targets and Research Directions , 1992, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[33]  Anil K. Jain.  Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing , 2018, Control of Color Imaging Systems.

[34]  Qiang Li,et al.  Adaptive DWT-SVD Domain Image Watermarking Using Human Visual Model , 2007, The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology.

[35]  E. Bakhoum,et al.  Dynamical Aspects of Macroscopic and Quantum Transitions due to Coherence Function and Time Series Events , 2010 .