Analysis of Predecisional Information Search Patterns

Abstract Recent interest in complex and varied decision strategies has highlighted the need for more sophisticated process tracing analyses, e.g., in analyzing information gathering patterns. Earlier studies have classified strategies as high/low proportion of available information used, constant/variable amount of search across alternatives, and intra-/interdimensional direction of search. However, more powerful analyses are needed, since the search characteristics of a given strategy may be variable and highly task-dependent. Two major means of improving search analysis are discussed: (a) the use of task-specific simulations to establish the search characteristics expected from different strategies; and (b) the analysis of additional search characteristics, such as the extent to which future information search is controlled by prior information (contingency), and different types of search variability. An experimental example of the use of these techniques is presented. Applications are proposed in three areas: (a) the study of sequential combinations of decision rules, and multi-phase decision making; (b) exploration of the possibility that there exists continuous variation among strategies along various parameters, rather than a set of discrete rules; and (c) the investigation of how decision makers adapt strategy to task.