Grid flexibility: The quiet revolution

Abstract The concept of flexibility describes the capability of the power system to maintain balance between generation and load under uncertainty. While the grid has historically incorporated flexibility-specific resources such as pumped hydro to complement nuclear generators, modern trends and the increased deployment of variable energy resources (VERs) are increasing the need for a transparent market value of flexibility. A review of analyses, docket filings, tariffs, and business practice manuals from the past several years finds substantial flexibility-related activity. These activities are categorized as market and financial structures; incorporation of new operations, and technology; and legal or procedural reforms. The cumulative outcome of these incremental changes will be a major transformation to power systems that can rapidly adapt to new needs, technologies, and conditions.

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