Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of ions and they possess fascinating properties, including low volatility, tunable viscosity and miscibility, and electrolytic conductivity, which make ILs unique and useful for many applications in chemical analysis. The dramatic increase in the number of publications on ILs is indicative of the tremendous interest in this field from analytical chemists. This review summarizes recent efforts in the major subdisciplines of analytical chemistry, including extractions, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, sensors, and spectroscopy.

[1]  Liang Zhao,et al.  Novel imidazolium stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[2]  Jingtian Hu,et al.  Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[3]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Direct determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples by hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[4]  Leonid B. Datsevich,et al.  Deep desulfurization of diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids. , 2001, Chemical communications.

[5]  N. Danielson,et al.  Ethylammonium Acetate as a Mobile Phase Modifier for Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography , 2005 .

[6]  M. Vaher,et al.  Monitoring of the electroosmotic flow of ionic liquid solutions in non-aqueous media using thermal marks. , 2008, Journal of Chromatography A.

[7]  Xingguo Chen,et al.  Simultaneous determination of bioactive flavone derivatives in Chinese herb extraction by capillary electrophoresis used different electrolyte systems--borate and ionic liquids. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[8]  D. Armstrong,et al.  The use of cationic surfactants and ionic liquids in the detection of microbial contamination by capillary electrophoresis , 2008, Electrophoresis.

[9]  C. Poole,et al.  Solvent properties of liquid organic salts used as mobile phases in microcolumn reversed-phase liquid chromatography , 1987 .

[10]  Lijun He,et al.  Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for separation of nucleotides in high-performance liquid chromatography , 2010 .

[11]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Ionic liquids in sample preparation , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[12]  R. Kaliszan,et al.  Suppression of deleterious effects of free silanols in liquid chromatography by imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[13]  S. Kazarian,et al.  High-pressure CO2-induced reduction of the melting temperature of ionic liquids. , 2002, Chemical communications.

[14]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Evaluation of flexible linear tricationic salts as gas-phase ion-pairing reagents for the detection of divalent anions in positive mode ESI-MS. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[15]  N. Danielson,et al.  Ethylammonium formate as an organic solvent replacement for ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatographic science.

[16]  Andreas Tholey,et al.  Pyridinium-based ionic liquid matrices can improve the identification of proteins by peptide mass-fingerprint analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[17]  Akihiro Kamio,et al.  1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid as a new solvent for the determination of lead(II) and cadmium(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry after extraction of the iodide complexes. , 2008, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[18]  J. Asara,et al.  Enhanced detection of phosphopeptides in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using ammonium salts , 1999, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[19]  C. Poole.  Chromatographic and spectroscopic methods for the determination of solvent properties of room temperature ionic liquids. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[20]  A. Bond,et al.  Comparison of voltammetric data obtained for the trans-[Mn(CN)(CO)2[P(OPh)3](Ph2PCH2PPh2)]0/+ process in BMIM.PF6 ionic liquid under microchemical and conventional conditions. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography using a high-temperature phosphonium ionic liquid column , 2008, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[22]  Ye Jiang,et al.  Room temperature ionic liquid as matrix medium for the determination of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals by static headspace gas chromatography. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[23]  Ying Liu,et al.  Electrochemical and bioelectrochemistry properties of room-temperature ionic liquids and carbon composite materials. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[24]  R. Kaliszan,et al.  Evaluation of the silanol-suppressing potency of ionic liquids. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

[25]  R. Murray,et al.  Electrochemistry and contact angles of an ionic liquid sessile droplet on films of monolayer-protected au nanoparticles , 2007 .

[26]  Michael J. Zaworotko,et al.  Air and water stable 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids , 1992 .

[27]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Immobilized ionic liquids as high-selectivity/high-temperature/high-stability gas chromatography stationary phases. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[28]  V. Aleksa.  Raman stpectroscopy of vibrational and rotational relaxation of acetonitrile molecules dissolved in ionic liquids , 2007 .

[29]  Jun He,et al.  Combined use of chiral ionic liquid and cyclodextrin for MEKC: Part I. Simultaneous enantioseparation of anionic profens , 2009, Electrophoresis.

[30]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  Application of mutually immiscible ionic liquids to the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons by liquid extraction: a preliminary approach. , 2008, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[31]  M. Goto,et al.  Extractive solubilization, structural change, and functional conversion of cytochrome c in ionic liquids via crown ether complexation. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[32]  Sheila N. Baker,et al.  An analytical view of ionic liquids. , 2005, The Analyst.

[33]  John Ralston,et al.  Electrowetting of ionic liquids. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[34]  Maria Forsyth,et al.  Ionic liquids in electrochemical devices and processes: managing interfacial electrochemistry. , 2007, Accounts of chemical research.

[35]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Evaluation of dicationic reagents for their use in detection of anions using positive ion mode ESI-MS via gas phase ion association , 2008, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[36]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Ionic liquids as stationary phase solvents for methylated cyclodextrins in gas chromatography , 2001 .

[37]  Xiangqun Zeng,et al.  Ionic liquid high-temperature gas sensor array. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[38]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Linear tricationic room-temperature ionic liquids: synthesis, physiochemical properties, and electrowetting properties. , 2009, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[39]  Brian J. Briscoe,et al.  Combining ionic liquids and supercritical fluids: in situ ATR-IR study of CO2 dissolved in two ionic liquids at high pressures , 2000 .

[40]  C. Hussey,et al.  Dialkylimidazolium chloroaluminate melts: a new class of room-temperature ionic liquids for electrochemistry, spectroscopy and synthesis , 1982 .

[41]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Dynamic solvation in phosphonium ionic liquids: comparison of bulk and micellar systems and considerations for the construction of the solvation correlation function, C(t). , 2008, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[42]  D. Armstrong,et al.  PEG-linked geminal dicationic ionic liquids as selective, high-stability gas chromatographic stationary phases , 2007, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[43]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Characterization and utilization of a novel triflate ionic liquid stationary phase for use in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. , 2008, Journal of separation science.

[44]  M. Vaher,et al.  Non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis in acetonitrile using lonic-liquid buffer electrolytes , 2001 .

[45]  G. Rothenberg,et al.  Desulfurisation of oils using ionic liquids: selection of cationic and anionic components to enhance extraction efficiency , 2008 .

[46]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Unsymmetrical dicationic ionic liquids: Manipulation of physicochemical properties using specific structural architectures , 2007 .

[47]  C. Tran,et al.  Chiral ionic liquid that functions as both solvent and chiral selector for the determination of enantiomeric compositions of pharmaceutical products. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[48]  M. Dietz,et al.  Stereochemical effects on the mode of facilitated ion transfer into room-temperature ionic liquids , 2008 .

[49]  M. Lahtinen,et al.  A new ionic liquid dimethyldinonylammonium bromide as a flow modifier for the simultaneous determination of eight carboxylates by capillary electrophoresis. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[50]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Separation of inorganic and small organic anions by CE using phosphonium‐based mono‐ and dicationic reagents , 2009, Electrophoresis.

[51]  Hongshuai Gao,et al.  Desulfurization of Fuel by Extraction with Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids , 2008 .

[52]  R. Cela,et al.  Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[53]  Sam F. Y. Li,et al.  1,3-dialkylimidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids as background electrolyte and coating material in aqueous capillary electrophoresis. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[54]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Application of ionic liquids in analytical chemistry , 2005 .

[55]  N. Schlörer,et al.  High performance NMR in ionic liquids , 2005 .

[56]  R. Linhardt,et al.  Ionic liquid matrix for direct UV-MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[57]  Richard S. Horng,et al.  Characterizations for Vinylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Polymer Stationary Phases for Capillary Gas Chromatography , 2008 .

[58]  E. Heinzle,et al.  Qualitative and quantitative analysis of low molecular weight compounds by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using ionic liquid matrices. , 2004, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[59]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Influence of chiral ionic liquids on stereoselective fluorescence quenching by photoinduced electron transfer in a naproxen dyad. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[60]  M. Maroncelli,et al.  Solvation and rotational dynamics of coumarin 153 in ionic liquids: comparisons to conventional solvents. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[61]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Ionic liquids as matrixes for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[62]  Yannis-Nicolas François,et al.  Nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic behavior of 2-aryl propionic acids in the presence of an achiral ionic liquid. A chemometric approach. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[63]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Solvent properties of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid , 2003, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[64]  A. Berthod,et al.  Use of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate in countercurrent chromatography , 2004, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[65]  M. Amjadi,et al.  Ultra-trace determination of lead in water and food samples by using ionic liquid-based single drop microextraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. , 2009, Analytica chimica acta.

[66]  D. Armstrong,et al.  A second-generation ionic liquid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix for effective mass spectrometric analysis of biodegradable polymers. , 2009, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[67]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Disposable ionic liquid coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in paints followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[68]  Kadriye Ertekin,et al.  Ratiometric sensing of CO2 in ionic liquid modified ethyl cellulose matrix. , 2008, Talanta.

[69]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Evaluating the use of tricationic reagents for the detection of doubly charged anions in the positive mode by ESI-MS. , 2008, Analytical Chemistry.

[70]  大野 弘幸,et al.  Electrochemical aspects of ionic liquids , 2005 .

[71]  I. Warner,et al.  Separation of achiral and chiral analytes using polymeric surfactants with ionic liquids as modifiers in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[72]  K. R. Seddon,et al.  Polarity study of some 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ambient‐temperature ionic liquids with the solvatochromic dye, Nile Red , 2000 .

[73]  F. Zhao,et al.  Coupling of ionic liquid-based headspace single-drop microextraction with GC for sensitive detection of phenols. , 2008, Journal of separation science.

[74]  Xinghai Shen,et al.  Interaction between β-cyclodextrin and ionic liquids in aqueous solutions investigated by a competitive method using a substituted 3H-indole probe , 2008 .

[75]  Z. Samec,et al.  Voltammetry of ion transfer across a polarized room-temperature ionic liquid membrane facilitated by valinomycin: theoretical aspects and application. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[76]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Ionic liquids in separations. , 2007, Accounts of chemical research.

[77]  Zhiqiang Zhou,et al.  Determination of four heterocyclic insecticides by ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in water samples. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[78]  Andreas Tholey,et al.  Quantification of peptides for the monitoring of protease-catalyzed reactions by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using ionic liquid matrixes. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[79]  Lijun He,et al.  Effect of Ionic Liquids as Mobile Phase Additives on Retention of Catecholamines in Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography , 2003 .

[80]  Javid Safarov,et al.  Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures Containing Ionic Liquids. 9. Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution of Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Esters, and Aldehydes in Trimethyl-butylammonium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imide Using Gas−Liquid Chromatography and Static Method , 2006 .

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[82]  C. Tran,et al.  Chiral ionic liquids for enantioseparation of pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[83]  R. Murray,et al.  Electron Transport and Counterion Relaxation Dynamics in Neat Ferrocenated Imidazolium Ionic Liquids , 2008 .

[84]  Yuyuan Tian,et al.  A hybrid electrochemical-colorimetric sensing platform for detection of explosives. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[85]  Jared L. Anderson,et al.  Polymeric ionic liquids as selective coatings for the extraction of esters using solid-phase microextraction. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[86]  E. Farjami,et al.  Simultaneous electrochemical determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide at a nanoscale copper hydroxide composite carbon ionic liquid electrode. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[87]  Richard G Compton,et al.  Use of room temperature ionic liquids in gas sensor design. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[88]  R. Kaliszan,et al.  Behavior of peptides and computer-assisted optimization of peptides separations in a normal-phase thin-layer chromatography system with and without the addition of ionic liquid in the eluent. , 2005, Biomedical chromatography : BMC.

[89]  C. Tran,et al.  Determination of binding constants of cyclodextrins in room-temperature ionic liquids by near-infrared spectrometry. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[90]  Kadriye Ertekin,et al.  Emission-based optical carbon dioxide sensing with HPTS in green chemistry reagents: room-temperature ionic liquids , 2006, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[91]  T. Welton,et al.  Chiral ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[92]  A. Tholey.  Ionic liquid matrices with phosphoric acid as matrix additive for the facilitated analysis of phosphopeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. , 2006, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[93]  M. Vaher,et al.  Capillary zone electrophoresis on chemically bonded imidazolium based salts. , 2007, Journal of chromatography. A.

[94]  A. Verdin,et al.  5. The chromatography of gases and vapours. Part VI. Use of the stearates of bivalent manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc as column liquids in gas chromatography , 1959 .

[95]  S. Seki,et al.  Anion conformation of low-viscosity room-temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide. , 2007, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[96]  B. Buszewski,et al.  A Review of Ionic Liquids in Chromatographic and Electromigration Techniques , 2008 .

[97]  Shai Kendler,et al.  Rapid determination of complex mixtures by dual-column gas chromatography with a novel stationary phase combination and spectrometric detection. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[98]  Sangki Chun,et al.  Influence of structural variation in room-temperature ionic liquids on the selectivity and efficiency of competitive alkali metal salt extraction by a crown ether. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[99]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Towards a second generation of ionic liquid matrices (ILMs) for MALDI-MS of Peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates , 2009, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[100]  Guonan Chen,et al.  Simultaneous separation of basic and acidic proteins using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐based ion liquid as dynamic coating and background electrolyte in capillary electrophoresis , 2008, Electrophoresis.

[101]  F. Tajabadi,et al.  High-performance carbon composite electrode based on an ionic liquid as a binder. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[102]  P. Roepstorff,et al.  Combination of two matrices results in improved performance of MALDI MS for peptide mass mapping and protein analysis , 2003, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[103]  C. Tran,et al.  Fullerene-impregnated ionic liquid stationary phases for gas chromatography. , 2008, The Analyst.

[104]  S. Ring,et al.  A comparative study of a liquid and a solid matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and collision cross section measurements. , 2000, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[105]  A. Arce,et al.  Solvent extraction of thiophene from n-alkanes (C7, C12, and C16) using the ionic liquid [C8mim][BF4] , 2008 .

[106]  Deqiang Wang,et al.  Slowing DNA translocation through nanopores using a solution containing organic salts. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[107]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes by use of ionic liquid-aided capillary electrophoresis. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[108]  R. Kaliszan,et al.  Reduction of silanophilic interactions in liquid chromatography with the use of ionic liquids , 2005 .

[109]  H. Qiu,et al.  N-Methylimidazolium anion-exchange stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[110]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids: a generation of gas chromatographic stationary phases. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[111]  C. Lagrost,et al.  Electrochemical reactivity in room-temperature ionic liquids. , 2008, Chemical reviews.

[112]  Daniel W Armstrong,et al.  Nanopore stochastic detection of a liquid explosive component and sensitizers using boromycin and an ionic liquid supporting electrolyte. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[113]  J. Rebek,et al.  Gas chromatographic separation of isotopic molecules using a cavitand-impregnated ionic liquid stationary phase. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[114]  E. Psillakis,et al.  Microwave-assisted headspace single-drop microextration of chlorobenzenes from water samples. , 2007, Analytica chimica acta.

[115]  T. Kakiuchi.  Electrochemical Aspects of Ionic-liquid|water : Two-phase systems , 2007 .

[116]  C. Tran,et al.  Fluorescence determination of enantiomeric composition of pharmaceuticals via use of ionic liquid that serves as both solvent and chiral selector. , 2006, Analytical biochemistry.

[117]  Bao-Yu Huang,et al.  Preparation and application of ionic liquid-coated fused-silica capillary fibers for solid-phase microextraction. , 2009, Analytica chimica acta.

[118]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Direct coupling of ionic liquid based single-drop microextraction and GC/MS. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[119]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Ionic liquid-based dynamic liquid-phase microextraction: application to the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs in urine samples. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[120]  D. Armstrong,et al.  A fundamental study on electrowetting by traditional and multifunctional ionic liquids: possible use in electrowetting on dielectric-based microfluidic applications. , 2008, Analytical chemistry.

[121]  C. Liang,et al.  Ionic liquids: a new class of sensing materials for detection of organic vapors based on the use of a quartz crystal microbalance. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[122]  N. Danielson,et al.  Utility of ionic liquids in analytical separations. , 2007, Journal of separation science.

[123]  D. Armstrong,et al.  High-stability ionic liquids. A new class of stationary phases for gas chromatography. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[124]  Miguel Valcárcel,et al.  One-step in-syringe ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

[125]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Characterization of phosphonium ionic liquids through a linear solvation energy relationship and their use as GLC stationary phases , 2008, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[126]  Zhao-Lun Fang,et al.  Direct extraction of double-stranded DNA into ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and its quantification. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[127]  Sam F. Y. Li,et al.  An ionic liquid coating for determination of sildenafil and UK‐103,320 in human serum by capillary zone electrophoresis‐ion trap mass spectrometry , 2002, Electrophoresis.

[128]  H. Imura,et al.  Extraction Behavior of Divalent Metal Cations in Ionic Liquid Chelate Extraction Systems Using 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides and Thenoyltrifluoroacetone , 2008, Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry.

[129]  H. Bai,et al.  Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[130]  A. Bond,et al.  Reference potential calibration and voltammetry at macrodisk electrodes of metallocene derivatives in the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6]. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[131]  H. Murakami,et al.  Facilitated transfer of alkali-metal cations by dibenzo-18-crown-6 across the electrochemically polarized interface between an aqueous solution and a hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquid. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

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[133]  R. Murray,et al.  Redox ionic liquid phases: ferrocenated imidazoliums. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[134]  D. Armstrong,et al.  The evaluation and comparison of trigonal and linear tricationic ion-pairing reagents for the detection of anions in positive mode ESI-MS , 2009, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.

[135]  Juan Zhang,et al.  Solubilities of the Gaseous and Liquid Solutes and Their Thermodynamics of Solubilization in the Novel Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids at Infinite Dilution by Gas Chromatography , 2007 .

[136]  Liang Zhao,et al.  Effect of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids as the eluent on the separation of ephedrines by liquid chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[137]  C. Barnes,et al.  Solvent extraction of strontium nitrate by a crown ether using room-temperature ionic liquids† , 1999 .

[138]  M. Borissova,et al.  Micellar electrophoresis using ionic liquids. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[139]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Examination of ionic liquids and their interaction with molecules, when used as stationary phases in gas chromatography. , 1999, Analytical chemistry.

[140]  Xiangqun Zeng,et al.  Multichannel monolithic quartz crystal microbalance gas sensor array. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[141]  M Valcárcel,et al.  Determination of phenothiazine derivatives in human urine by using ionic liquid-based dynamic liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[142]  M. Akhond,et al.  Extraction and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of 3-indole butyric acid in pea plants by using imidazolium-based ionic liquids as extractant. , 2008, Talanta.

[143]  K. Fujii,et al.  Aggregation of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids in Molecular Liquids Studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and NMR , 2008, Analytical Sciences.

[144]  P. Bonnesen,et al.  Solvent extraction of sr2+ and cs+ based on room-temperature ionic liquids containing monoaza-substituted crown ethers. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

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[146]  R. Linhardt,et al.  Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of uncomplexed highly sulfated oligosaccharides using ionic liquid matrices. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[147]  Richard G Compton,et al.  Carbon nanotube-ionic liquid composite sensors and biosensors. , 2009, Analytical chemistry.

[148]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Dynamic Solvation in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids , 2004 .

[149]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Dynamic solvation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids on short time scales. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[150]  D. Armstrong,et al.  A general, positive ion mode ESI-MS approach for the analysis of singly charged inorganic and organic anions using a dicationic reagent. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[151]  Jun He,et al.  Combined use of chiral ionic liquid and CD for MEKC: Part II. Determination of binding constants , 2009, Electrophoresis.

[152]  E. Wang,et al.  Ionic liquid‐assisted PDMS microchannel modification for efficiently resolving fluorescent dye and protein adsorption , 2007, Electrophoresis.

[153]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Dicationic ionic liquid stationary phase for GC-MS analysis of volatile compounds in herbal plants , 2007, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[154]  Jing-fu Liu,et al.  Determination of formaldehyde in shiitake mushroom by ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography. , 2005, Talanta.

[155]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Ionic matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight detection of DNA oligomers. , 2003, Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.

[156]  Bryan M. Hunter,et al.  Alkylammonium Formate Ionic Liquids as Organic Mobile Phase Replacements for Reversed‐Phase Liquid Chromatography , 2007 .

[157]  Douglas R. MacFarlane,et al.  Electrodeposition from Ionic Liquids , 2008 .

[158]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Trigonal Tricationic Ionic Liquids: Molecular Engineering of Trications to Control Physicochemical Properties , 2008 .

[159]  D. Armstrong,et al.  CE‐ESI‐MS analysis of singly charged inorganic and organic anions using a dicationic reagent as a complexing agent , 2009, Electrophoresis.

[160]  Jing Li,et al.  Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography based on one functionalized ionic liquid and its excellent performance on proteins separation. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

[161]  M. Valcárcel,et al.  Determination of trihalomethanes in waters by ionic liquid-based single drop microextraction/gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry. , 2008, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[163]  D. Armstrong,et al.  Bonded ionic liquid polymeric material for solid-phase microextraction GC analysis , 2010, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[164]  T. Jiang,et al.  Dynamically coating the capillary with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids for separation of basic proteins by capillary electrophoresis , 2003 .

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[167]  Diethelm Johannsmann,et al.  Organic vapor sensing with ionic liquids entrapped in alumina nanopores on quartz crystal resonators. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[168]  Yi He,et al.  Preparation of ionic liquid based solid-phase microextraction fiber and its application to forensic determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human urine. , 2009, Journal of chromatography. A.

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[175]  Yang Shu,et al.  Selective extraction/isolation of hemoglobin with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-trimethylsilylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BtmsimPF6). , 2008, Talanta.

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