Cardiovascular Disease and Magnesium

The effects of magnesium on cardiovascular function and disease have received increasing attention during the last decade. Mg2+ is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium (K+), and a critical cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions critically involving in energy metabolism, glucose utilization, protein synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and breakdown, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) functions, and virtually all hormonal reactions in the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms of cardiovascular protective effects of magnesium associated with depression embrace calcium antagonistic action on L-type and N-type calcium (Ca) channels, suppression of cathecholamine release from sympathetic nervous terminal, and suppression of aldosteron secretion from adrenal gland (Figure 18.1).

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