A novel electrochemical nanocomposite imprinted sensor for the determination of lorazepam based on modified polypyrrole@sol-gel@gold nanoparticles/pencil graphite electrode

Abstract A new sensitive and selective imprinted electrochemical sensor was developed for lorazepam determination, which is based on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with one-step electropolymerization of the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composed from polypyrrole (ppy), sol-gel, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and lorazepam. AuNPs were introduced into the polymer composite for the development of electrical response by facilitating charge transfer of [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- /[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− which was used as an electrochemical active probe. The fabrication process of the sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Several significant parameters controlling the performance of the MIP sensor were examined and optimized. Under the optimized condition calibration curve of the imprinted sensor has two linear concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.0 nM and 2.0 to 20.0 nM, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 nM. The imprinted sensor has the advantages of high porous surface structure, ease of preparation, good reproducibility and repeatability, high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully intended for the determination of lorazepam in real samples (tablet, plasma, and urine).

[1]  Wu Yang,et al.  A novel electrochemical sensor of bisphenol A based on stacked graphene nanofibers/gold nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode , 2013 .

[2]  Tianshu Zhou,et al.  A novel electrochemical sensor for determination of dopamine based on AuNPs@SiO2 core-shell imprinted composite. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[3]  Chen Li,et al.  Imprinted electrochemical sensor for dopamine recognition and determination based on a carbon nanotube/polypyrrole film , 2012 .

[4]  Jahan B. Ghasemi,et al.  Two- and three-way chemometrics methods applied for spectrophotometric determination of lorazepam in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids , 2005 .

[5]  S. Yao,et al.  Electrochemical imprinted sensor for determination of oleanic acid based on poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-co-acrylic acid)-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan and cobalt hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[6]  M. Noroozifar,et al.  Investigation of a new electrochemical cyanide sensor based on Ag nanoparticles embedded in a three-dimensional sol–gel , 2009 .

[7]  Yang Wang,et al.  Amperometric detection of dopamine in human serum by electrochemical sensor based on gold nanoparticles doped molecularly imprinted polymers. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  P. Fernández,et al.  A rapid ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of seven benzodiazepines in human plasma samples. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[9]  Victoria F. Samanidou,et al.  Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Determination of Six 1,4‐Benzodiazepines in Pharmaceuticals and Human Biological Fluids , 2008 .

[10]  S. Yao,et al.  Electrochemical determination of L-phenylalanine at polyaniline modified carbon electrode based on β-cyclodextrin incorporated carbon nanotube composite material and imprinted sol-gel film. , 2011, Talanta.

[11]  Fenghua Li,et al.  Efficient one-pot synthesis of molecularly imprinted silica nanospheres embedded carbon dots for fluorescent dopamine optosensing. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[12]  P. Sharma,et al.  Electrochemical sensor for folic acid based on a hyperbranched molecularly imprinted polymer-immobilized sol-gel-modified pencil graphite electrode , 2010 .

[13]  W. Xu,et al.  Electrochemical sensor for the determination of brucine in human serum based on molecularly imprinted poly-o-phenylenediamine/SWNTs composite film , 2012 .

[14]  A. Ramanavičius,et al.  Electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymer—polypyrrole , 2006 .

[15]  R. Pacifici,et al.  Determination of lorazepam in plasma and urine as trimethylsilyl derivative using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. , 1999, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[16]  Bing Han,et al.  Surface-imprinted core-shell nanoparticles for sorbent assays. , 2007, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  Wei Xu,et al.  Electrochemical sensor using neomycin-imprinted film as recognition element based on chitosan-silver nanoparticles/graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites modified electrode. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  M. Valenciano,et al.  Determination of lorazepam in human urine by adsorptive stripping voltammetry , 1990 .

[19]  B. Rezaei,et al.  Sensing Lorazepam with a glassy carbon electrode coated with an electropolymerized-imprinted polymer modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles , 2012, Microchimica Acta.

[20]  Gordon G. Wallace,et al.  Conducting electroactive polymer-based biosensors , 1999 .

[21]  Hamed Ghaedi,et al.  Fabrication of a new electrochemical sensor based on a new nano-molecularly imprinted polymer for highly selective and sensitive determination of tramadol in human urine samples. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Surong Mei,et al.  Magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles for recognition of lysozyme. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  B. Ogutu,et al.  Determination of lorazepam in plasma from children by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences.

[24]  Nataliya V. Roznyatovskaya,et al.  Conducting polymers in chemical sensors and arrays. , 2008, Analytica chimica acta.

[25]  G. Shi,et al.  A novel composite of SiO2-coated graphene oxide and molecularly imprinted polymers for electrochemical sensing dopamine. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[26]  A. Jabbari,et al.  Design and synthesis of molecularly imprinted polypyrrole based on nanoreactor SBA-15 for recognition of ascorbic acid. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[27]  H. Battista,et al.  Selective and sensitive assay for the determination of benzodiazepines by high-performance liquid chromatography with simultaneous ultraviolet and reductive electrochemical detection at the hanging mercury drop electrode. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[28]  Mingfei Pan,et al.  Electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer film via sol-gel technology and multi-walled carbon nanotubes-chitosan functional layer for sensitive determination of quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[29]  Zian Lin,et al.  Highly sensitive protein molecularly imprinted electro-chemical sensor based on gold microdendrites electrode and prussian blue mediated amplification. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[30]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  Biomolecule-nanoparticle hybrids for electrochemical biosensors , 2009 .