Universal bilingualism

Lexically linked domains in language allow a speaker to formulate incompatible rules. How should they be represented theoretically? We argue that a speaker has a set of mini-grammars for different domains so that, in effect, every speaker is bilingual. It is argued that Tense or Agreement Checking, V-2 for quotation, and resumptive pronouns, all lead to bilingual representations. In addition, this perspective on Theoretical Bilingualism suggests that optionality and stages in the acquisition of an initial grammar should also be characterized as a form of bilingualism.

[1]  Thomas Roeper,et al.  Null Subjects in Early Child English and the Theory of Economy of Projection , 2000 .

[2]  Bartjan Hollebrandse.  The acquisition of sequence of tense , 2000 .

[3]  David Lebeaux,et al.  Language acquisition and the form of the grammar , 2000 .

[4]  Charles D. Yang,et al.  A Selectionist Theory of Language Acquisition , 1999, ACL.

[5]  Natascha Müller.  Transfer in bilingual first language acquisition , 1998, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition.

[6]  Alison Henry,et al.  Dialect Variation, Optionality, and the Learnability Guarantee , 1998 .

[7]  Sali A. Tagliamonte.  Was/were variation across the generations: View from the city of York , 1998, Language Variation and Change.

[8]  J. Zwart.  The Minimalist Program , 1998, Journal of Linguistics.

[9]  G. Håkansson.  Language impairment and the realization of finiteness , 1998 .

[10]  Jürgen M. Meisel,et al.  Bilingual First Language Acquisition: French and German Grammatical Development. (Language Acquisition and Language Disorders, Vol. 7) , 1997 .

[11]  A. Kroch,et al.  Verb Movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect Variation and Language Contact , 1997 .

[12]  Hubert Haider.  Economy in Syntax is Projective Economy , 1996 .

[13]  Thomas Roeper,et al.  The Role of Merger Theory and Formal Features in Acquisition , 1996 .

[14]  Jürgen M. Meisel,et al.  Subject-Verb and Object-Verb Agreement in Early Basque , 1996 .

[15]  Michele Foley,et al.  On resolving disagreement: Linguistic theory and variation – There's bridges , 1994, Language Variation and Change.

[16]  Peggy Speas,et al.  Null Arguments in a Theory of Economy of Projection , 1994 .

[17]  Richard S. Kayne.  The Antisymmetry of Syntax , 1994 .

[18]  Anne Vainikka,et al.  Case in the Development of English Syntax , 1993 .

[19]  T. Roeper.  The “Least Effort” Principle in Child Grammar: Choosing a Marked Parameter , 1993 .

[20]  Noam Chomsky.  Some notes on economy of derivation and representation , 2013 .

[21]  D. Loeb,et al.  Subject case marking and verb morphology in normally developing and specifically language-impaired children. , 1991, Journal of speech and hearing research.

[22]  Anne Vainikka,et al.  The Status of Grammatical Default Systems: Comments on Lebeaux , 1990 .

[23]  Jill de Villiers,et al.  The Acquisition of Long-Distance Rules , 1990 .

[24]  Marie Labelle,et al.  Predication, WH-Movement, and the Development of Relative Clauses , 1990 .

[25]  T. Roeper,et al.  How to Make Parameters Work: Comments on Valian , 1990 .

[26]  A. Kroch.  Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change , 1989, Language Variation and Change.

[27]  N Budwig,et al.  The linguistic marking of agentivity and control in child language , 1989, Journal of Child Language.

[28]  Henry Davis,et al.  The acquisition of the English auxiliary system and its relation to linguistic theory , 1987 .

[29]  Steven Pinker,et al.  Language learnability and language development , 1985 .

[30]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  The Generative Enterprise: A Discussion with Riny Huybregts and Henk van Riemsdijk , 1984 .

[31]  T. Vance,et al.  Some Aspects of Rendaku in Japanese and Related Problems in Theoretical Issues in Japanese Linguistics. , 1980 .

[32]  Wolfgang Kühlwein,et al.  Second Language Acquisition. A Book of Readings , 1979 .

[33]  Henk C. van Riemsdijk,et al.  A case study in syntactic markedness: The binding nature of prepositional phrases , 1978 .

[34]  Derek Bickerton,et al.  Dynamics of a creole system , 1976 .

[35]  H. Andersen.  ABDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE CHANGE , 1973 .

[36]  W. Labov,et al.  Empirical foundations for a theory of language change , 2014 .

[37]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  The Sound Pattern of English , 1968 .

[38]  Noam Chomsky,et al.  Some General Properties of Phonological Rules , 1967 .