Equilibrium isotherm studies for the sorption of hexavalent chromium (VI) onto groundnut shell

Groundnut shells, a low-cost agricultural waste material were used without any physical or chemical modification as an alternative and cheap adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI) ion from aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of Cr (VI) were treated with fixed doses of groundnut shells powder for an equilibrium time of 90 min. The determination of Cr (VI) concentration in the sample solutions was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometer by the diphenylcarbazide indicator method. The equilibrium isotherm studies showed that the groundnut shell has a significant capacity for the adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions. For the various adsorption isotherm models tested, Tempkin isotherm model showed a better representation of the equilibrium data with a good correlation coefficient (R 2 ) greater than 0.99. The FT-IR results gave an indication of the possible functional groups located on the surface of the groundnut shell. These groups influence the biosorption of Cr (VI) and are likely the mechanism of adsorption, which largely depended on the functional groups present such as alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids.

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