Random Access Versus Multiple Access

The support of Internet of Things (IoT) calls for physical and media access control (MAC) solutions capable to support a very large number of wireless devices transmitting short packets with low duty cycle. This chapter provides a survey of random access (RA) schemes devised for terrestrial and satellite applications which are suited to support IoT. The RA schemes presented are typically based on multiple access techniques described in the previous chapters. In particular, RA is exploiting time-, frequency-, and code-division multiple access techniques or combinations thereof. Various flavors of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are also adopted to increase the RA scheme spectral and power efficiency. The chapter is organized as follows: Sect. 17.1 summarizes the main terrestrial RA techniques and their suitability for 5G IoT applications; Sect. 17.2 provides a survey of 5G NOMA-based RA proposals for IoT; finally, Sect. 17.3 illustrates the most promising NOMA-based RA schemes proposed or adopted for satellite networks which are also of interest to the more general terrestrial wireless applications.

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