The microbial cell-functional unit for energy dependent multistep biocatalysis.

Whole-cell biocatalysis has emerged as an important tool for the synthesis of value-added fine and bulk chemicals as well as pharmaceuticals. Especially, the rapid development of recombinant DNA technologies resulted in a shift from the exploitation of natural enzymes and pathways to the design of recombinant cell factories comprising heterologous enzymes and/or synthetic, orthologous pathways for the synthesis of industrially relevant compounds. This review discusses recent developments and concepts applied in the frame of multistep whole-cell biocatalysis along with representative examples.

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