The evolving role of prevention in health care: contributions of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

in the United States can be prevented. Primary prevention can prevent or arrest the disease process in its earliest stages by promoting healthier lifestyles or immunizing against infectious disease. Secondary prevention, by detecting and treating asymptomatic risk factors or early asymptomatic disease, can substantially reduce subsequent morbidity or mortality. The clinician plays a pivotal role in both primary and secondary prevention. Health professionals deliver vaccinations, screen for modifiable risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol, counsel patients about smoking and other behavioral risk factors, provide screening tests for early detection of cancer and other chronic conditions, and advise patients about the benefits and risks of preventive therapies such as postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.

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