Landscapes of the lifespan: exploring accounts of own gardens and gardening

There has been a rapid rise in the levels of interest in private domestic gardens within contemporary society. Literature suggests that gardens carry special meanings for individuals and that both gardens and gardening may have therapeutic effects. In order to explore how people's interest in gardens may change over time, the study investigates participants’ accounts of the meanings associated with domestic gardens, across the lifespan. A grounded theory analysis was conducted of semi-structured interviews with an opportunity sample of 18 participants aged between 18 and 85 years. Interviewees identified how domestic gardens are implicated within the concepts of Escapism, Identity and Ownership, providing a setting for a multitude of relationships, most notably with nature. The study highlights how these universal concepts assume different meanings at varying life stages and how the concept of retreat remains a significant one.

[1]  R. Hitchings People, plants and performance: On actor network theory and the material pleasures of the private garden , 2003 .

[2]  F. E. Kuo,et al.  Coping with add , 2001 .

[3]  R. Kaplan The Nature of the View from Home , 2001 .

[4]  R. Ulrich View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. , 1984, Science.

[5]  Steven D. Brown,et al.  The Social Psychology of Experience: Studies in Remembering and Forgetting , 2005 .

[6]  M. Bhatti The meaning of gardens in an age of risk , 2002 .

[7]  C. L. Kien,et al.  Physical activity in middle school-aged children participating in a school-based recreation program. , 2003, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[8]  R. Stedman Toward a Social Psychology of Place , 2002 .

[9]  Four and 6-year olds' biological concept of death: The case of plants , 2002 .

[10]  Andrew Church,et al.  Home, the culture of nature and meanings of gardens in late modernity , 2004 .

[11]  I. Altman,et al.  Handbook of environmental psychology , 1987 .

[12]  Seiji Shibata,et al.  EFFECTS OF THE FOLIAGE PLANT ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND MOOD , 2002 .

[13]  J. Alexander,et al.  Master Gardener Classroom Garden Project: An Evaluation of the Benefits to Children , 1995 .

[14]  A. Strauss Basics Of Qualitative Research , 1992 .

[15]  Kathryn H. Anthony,et al.  Bitter Homes and Gardens: The Meanings of Home to Families of Divorce , 1997 .

[16]  R. Kaplan Some Psycholog Ical Benefits of Gardening , 1973 .

[17]  L. Yardley,et al.  Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology , 2003 .

[18]  K. Korpela Negative Mood and Adult Place Preference , 2003 .

[19]  M. Griffin,et al.  Green Exercise: Complementary Roles of Nature, Exercise and Diet in Physical and Emotional Well-Being and Implications for Public Health Policy , 2003 .

[20]  M. Townsend,et al.  Healthy nature healthy people: 'contact with nature' as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations. , 2006, Health promotion international.

[21]  Joanne Connell The purest of human pleasures: the characteristics and motivations of garden visitors in Great Britain , 2004 .

[22]  Sharon Simson,et al.  Horticulture as Therapy: Principles and Practice , 1997 .

[23]  Anselm L. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory , 1998 .

[24]  H. Frumkin Beyond toxicity: human health and the natural environment. , 2001, American journal of preventive medicine.

[25]  R. Kaplan,et al.  The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective , 1989 .

[26]  E. Perry,et al.  Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) , 2002, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[27]  Lot size, garden satisfaction and local park and wetland visitation , 2001 .

[28]  M. Myers Empowerment and community building through a gardening project. , 1998 .

[29]  Kalevi Korpela,et al.  Adolescents' favourite places and environmental self-regulation , 1992 .

[30]  C. Zimring,et al.  Children’s Environments , 1987 .

[31]  Douglas D. Perkins,et al.  Place Attachment in a Revitalizing Neighborhood: Individual and Block Levels of Analysis , 2003 .

[32]  Jacquelin Burgess,et al.  People, Parks and the Urban Green: A Study of Popular Meanings and Values for Open Spaces in the City , 1988 .

[33]  Miles. Hadfield The Art of the Garden , 1965 .

[34]  Nancy M. Wells,et al.  Nearby Nature , 2003 .

[35]  R. Simons,et al.  Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments , 1991 .

[36]  R. Nordhagen,et al.  Children in the environment: Forest day-care centers , 2003 .

[37]  A. Gatrell,et al.  "Cultivating health": therapeutic landscapes and older people in northern England. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[38]  F. Kaiser,et al.  Dwelling: Speaking of an unnoticed universal language , 1996 .

[39]  L. Stein Horticultural Therapy in Residential Long-Term Care: Applications from Research on Health, Aging, and Institutional Life , 1997 .

[40]  Lucy Yardley,et al.  Qualitative analysis of experience: grounded theory and case studies , 2003 .

[41]  B. Glaser Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis: Emergence Vs. Forcing , 1992 .

[42]  M. Francis Childhood's Garden: Memory and Meaning of Gardens. , 1995 .

[43]  C. Willig Introducing Qualitative Research in Psychology , 2001 .

[44]  Andrew Church,et al.  ‘I never promised you a rose garden’: gender, leisure and home-making , 2000 .

[45]  A. Church,et al.  Cultivating Natures: Homes and Gardens in Late Modernity , 2001 .

[46]  David Uzzell,et al.  The Socio-Environmental Affordances of Adolescents' Environments , 2006 .

[47]  E. Wilson,et al.  The biophilia hypothesis , 1993 .

[48]  Steven D. Brown,et al.  Transforming Past Agency and Action in the Present , 2006 .

[49]  S. Koole,et al.  Environmental preference and restoration: (How) are they related? , 2003 .

[50]  Jonathan A. Smith,et al.  Rethinking Methods in Psychology , 1995 .

[51]  T. Richardson,et al.  Vista: The Culture and Politics of Gardens , 2005 .

[52]  A. Strauss,et al.  Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. , 1992 .

[53]  T. M. Waliczek,et al.  The Effect of a Summer Garden Program on the Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Children , 2006 .

[54]  William C. Sullivan,et al.  Growing Up in the Inner City , 1998 .

[55]  Stephen Kaplan,et al.  The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework , 1995 .

[56]  M. Kyttä,et al.  Restorative experience, self-regulation, and children's place preferences , 2002 .

[57]  Jane Gillette,et al.  Can Gardens Mean? , 2005, Landscape Journal.

[58]  Tony Chapman,et al.  Ideal homes? : social change and domestic life , 1999 .

[59]  Susan J. Elliott,et al.  Geographies of Health: An Introduction , 2001 .

[60]  Robert H. Logie,et al.  Memory in everyday life , 1993 .

[61]  C. Lawrence,et al.  Windows in the Workplace , 1998 .

[62]  J. Sempik,et al.  Social and therapeutic horticulture: evidence and messages from research , 2003 .

[63]  L. Manzo,et al.  For better or worse: Exploring multiple dimensions of place meaning , 2005 .

[64]  V. I. Lohr,et al.  Children's Active and Passive Interactions with Plants Influence Their Attitudes and Actions toward Trees and Gardening as Adults , 2005 .

[65]  D. Heliker,et al.  The Meaning of Gardening and the Effects on Perceived Well Being of a Gardening Project on Diverse Populations of Elders , 2001 .

[66]  M. B. Nebel,et al.  Assessing the restorative components of environments , 2003 .