A hydrodynamically focused stream as a dynamic template for site-specific electrochemical micropatterning of conducting polymers.

Micropatterning technology[1–3] has been a major driving force behind the development of organic microelectronic devices. There have been significant efforts devoted to exploring this technology for the fabrication of conducting polymer (CP)-based devices in particular, because CPs[4–6] exhibit the unique advantages of tunable conductance, chemical specificity, flexible modification, and low fabrication cost. In general, most of the existing micropatterning approaches,[1–3] for example, the embossing method,[7] imprint lithography,[8] capillary molding,[9, 10] and microcontact printing,[11, 12] require the use of prefabricated solid molds or templates to determine the features and dimensions of the micropatterns. These molds and templates are normally fabricated by lithographic means, so their embedded features are very much fixed and it is unlikely that they would be reprogrammed for different micropattern features.

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