Current control techniques for three-phase grid interconnection of renewable power generation systems: A review

Abstract Development of renewable power generation systems (RPGSs) is continually increasing worldwide with Germany, China, Japan, Italy and the USA are the leaders contributing to the largest development in each region. Due to the increasing number of RPGSs connected to the utility grid, power quality, safe operation, and islanding protection of RPGSs are becoming important issues, among others. One of the most important elements is the current control technique that must meet the requirements for grid interconnection according to international standards and practices. The RPGS itself must be safe and highly efficient for reliable and secure grid interconnection operations. This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art of the current control techniques for three-phase grid-interconnection of RPGSs. Several current control architectures, their operations including advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Performance comparison and evaluation of several controllers were also reviewed.

[1]  C.J. Ramos,et al.  Current control in the grid connection of the double-output induction generator linked to a variable speed wind turbine , 2002, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 02.

[2]  U. Grasselli,et al.  IEC Std. 61000-3-2 harmonic current emission limits in practical systems: need of considering loading level and attenuation effects , 2001, 2001 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37262).

[3]  Vladimir Blasko,et al.  A novel control method of a VSC without AC line voltage sensors , 2001 .

[4]  Hao Tian,et al.  Novel low voltage ride through strategy of single-stage grid-tied photovoltaic inverter with supercapacitor coupled , 2012, Proceedings of The 7th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[5]  P. Mattavelli,et al.  Predictive digital control of power factor preregulators with input voltage estimation using disturbance observers , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[6]  Liuchen Chang,et al.  Improved Predictive Current Controlled PWM for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Voltage Source Inverters , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[7]  J. Van den Keybus,et al.  Model-based generation of low distortion currents in grid-coupled PWM-inverters using an LCL output filter , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[8]  Donald Grahame Holmes,et al.  Grid current regulation of a three-phase voltage source inverter with an LCL input filter , 2002, 2002 IEEE 33rd Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37289).

[9]  Gulgun Kayakutlu,et al.  Optimisation studies on tri‐generation: a review , 2015 .

[10]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Flexible Active Power Control of Distributed Power Generation Systems During Grid Faults , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Shahrin Md. Ayob,et al.  Perturbative methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems: a review , 2015 .

[12]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Control of single-stage single-phase PV inverter , 2006, 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[13]  Sasongko Pramono Hadi,et al.  The performance of three-phase four-wire grid-connected inverter with enhanced power quality , 2014, 2014 6th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE).

[14]  Delfim Pedrosa,et al.  Predictive control of a current-source inverter for solar photovoltaic grid interface , 2015, 2015 9th International Conference on Compatibility and Power Electronics (CPE).

[15]  María Isabel Milanés-Montero,et al.  Power Injection System for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation Systems Based on Two Collaborative Voltage Source Inverters , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[16]  H. Stemmler,et al.  Stationary frame generalized integrators for current control of active power filters with zero steady state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operation conditions , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[17]  M.R. Iravani,et al.  A method for synchronization of power electronic converters in polluted and variable-frequency environments , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[18]  A. Shukla,et al.  Improved Multilevel Hysteresis Current Regulation and Capacitor Voltage Balancing Schemes for Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Wen-Jei Yang,et al.  A hybrid power generation system: solar‐driven Rankine engine–hydrogen storage , 2001 .

[20]  Sergio Busquets-Monge,et al.  Interfacing Renewable Energy Sources to the Utility Grid Using a Three-Level Inverter , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Pericle Zanchetta,et al.  A predictive current control scheme for a hybrid AC/AC direct power converter , 2006 .

[22]  M. Liserre,et al.  A new control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady-state error and selective harmonic compensation , 2004, Nineteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2004. APEC '04..

[23]  Mikihiko Matsui,et al.  A review of current anti-islanding methods for photovoltaic power system , 2010 .

[24]  Seung-Ki Sul,et al.  A new phase detecting method for power conversion systems considering distorted conditions in power system , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[25]  M. Coppola,et al.  Design and control of an advanced PV inverter , 2014 .

[26]  Saeed Golestan,et al.  Control strategies for single-phase grid integration of small-scale renewable energy sources: A review , 2012 .

[27]  Yu-Kang Lo,et al.  Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System With Power Factor Correction , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[28]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Harmonics suppression for single-phase grid-connected PV systems in different operation modes , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[29]  S.-K. Chung,et al.  Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems , 2000 .

[30]  V. G. Agelidis,et al.  Interconnection of large-scale photovoltaic systems with the electrical grid: Potential issues , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[31]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[32]  Huibin Zhu,et al.  Grid synchronization control without AC voltage sensors , 2003, Eighteenth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003. APEC '03..

[33]  Fang Zhuo,et al.  Modeling and Control of Dual-Stage High-Power Multifunctional PV System in d - Q - $o$ Coordinate , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[34]  Keliang Zhou,et al.  Zero-phase odd-harmonic repetitive controller for a single-phase PWM inverter , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[35]  M. Liserre,et al.  Evaluation of Current Controllers for Distributed Power Generation Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[36]  Yang Li,et al.  A variable-band hysteresis modulated multi-resonant sliding-mode controller for three-phase grid-connected VSI with an LCL-filter , 2013, 2013 IEEE ECCE Asia Downunder.

[37]  Y. Ito,et al.  Microprocessor based robust digital control for UPS with three-phase PWM inverter , 1995 .

[38]  Yiding Cao.  Theory and performance analysis of a new heat engine for concentrating solar power , 2014 .

[39]  Fang Zhuo,et al.  Low voltage ride through control strategy for high-power grid-connected photovoltaic inverter , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[40]  D. Biel,et al.  Control of a buck inverter for grid-connected PV systems: a digital and sliding mode control approach , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005. ISIE 2005..

[41]  Robain De Keyser,et al.  Nonlinear predictive control with dead-time compensator: Application to a solar power plant , 2009 .

[42]  M. Hasanuzzaman,et al.  Global Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Generation and Smart Grid System for Energy Security , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[43]  Donald Grahame Holmes,et al.  Stationary frame current regulation of PWM inverters with zero steady-state error , 2003 .

[44]  Georgios Kokogiannakis,et al.  Thermal management systems for Photovoltaics (PV) installations: A critical review , 2013 .

[45]  Seyed Ehsan Hosseini,et al.  The role of renewable and sustainable energy in the energy mix of Malaysia: a review , 2014 .

[46]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Flexible development and test system for 11 kW wind turbine , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..

[47]  Soulaymen Kammoun,et al.  A practical technique for connecting PV generator to single-phase grid , 2015 .

[48]  G. Saccomando,et al.  Transient operation of grid-connected voltage source converter under unbalanced voltage conditions , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[49]  D. G. Holmes,et al.  Stationary frame harmonic reference generation for active filter systems , 2002 .

[50]  Nasrudin Abd Rahim,et al.  Energy savings and emissions reductions for rewinding and replacement of industrial motor , 2011 .

[51]  Simone Buso,et al.  A dead-beat adaptive hysteresis current control , 1999, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370).

[52]  D. Boroyevich,et al.  Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL for Power Converters Control , 2005, 2005 IEEE 36th Power Electronics Specialists Conference.

[53]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Flexible control of small wind turbines with grid failure detection operating in stand-alone and grid-connected mode , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[54]  Manuel Berenguel,et al.  A survey on control schemes for distributed solar collector fields. Part II: Advanced control approaches , 2007 .

[55]  Zuomin Dong,et al.  Emerging smart grid technology for mitigating global warming , 2015 .

[56]  Paolo Mattavelli,et al.  Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[57]  Qing-Chang Zhong,et al.  A Current-Control Strategy for Voltage-Source Inverters in Microgrids Based on $H^{\infty }$ and Repetitive Control , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[58]  Joachim Holtz,et al.  Advanced PWM and Predictive Control—An Overview , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[59]  Paolo Tenti,et al.  Predictive digital control of power factor preregulators using disturbance observer for input voltage estimation , 2003, IEEE 34th Annual Conference on Power Electronics Specialist, 2003. PESC '03..

[60]  Giampaolo Buticchi,et al.  Active Common-Mode Filter for Ground Leakage Current Reduction in Grid-Connected PV Converters Operating With Arbitrary Power Factor , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[61]  Muhammad Mahbubur Rashid,et al.  Energy savings in the combustion based process heating in industrial sector , 2012 .

[62]  Luis Marroyo,et al.  Control strategies to use the minimum energy storage requirement for PV power ramp-rate control , 2015 .

[63]  Emilio Olias,et al.  Overview of power inverter topologies and control structures for grid connected photovoltaic systems , 2014 .

[64]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Proportional-resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-source converters , 2006 .

[65]  E. Romero-Cadaval,et al.  Three-phase single stage photovoltaic inverter with active filtering capabilities , 2012, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.

[66]  Ramon Costa-Castelló,et al.  Digital Repetitive Control of a Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Filter , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[67]  Marian P. Kazmierkowski,et al.  Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters: a survey , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[68]  Bin Zhang,et al.  Plug-In Dual-Mode-Structure Repetitive Controller for CVCF PWM Inverters , 2009, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[69]  Marian P. Kazmierkowski,et al.  “Predictive control in power electronics and drives” , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[70]  Shoji Fukuda,et al.  A novel current-tracking method for active filters based on a sinusoidal internal model [for PWM inv , 2001 .

[71]  Poh Chiang Loh,et al.  An improved robust predictive current regulation algorithm , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[72]  S.M. Silva,et al.  PLL structures for utility connected systems , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[73]  Marco Liserre,et al.  PLL Algorithm for Power Generation Systems Robust to Grid Voltage Faults , 2006 .