Molecular Communication through Biological Pattern Formation

This paper proposes to use spatio-temporal patterns that the concentration of propagating information molecules form in the molecular communication environment and develops a new modulation technique for molecular communication between bio-nanomachines. In molecular communication considered in this paper, information molecules transmitted from a group of sender bio- nanomachines propagate in the environment, chemically react with the molecules in the environment, change their concentration, and form an oscillating and propagating pattern. The rates at which sender bio-nanomachines transmit information molecules determines the frequency, amplitude and phase characteristics of the pattern, and the sender bio-nanomachines modify the transmission rates in order to modulate information on to frequency, amplitude and phase characteristics of the pattern. A group of receiver bio-nanomachines detects these characteristics to collectively decode information. This paper develops a new model of molecular communication through pattern formation. Using the model developed in this paper and numerical examples, this paper demonstrates the advantages of the proposed modulation technique, namely, higher information capacity and longer communication distances.

[1]  Shigeru Kondo,et al.  Reaction-Diffusion Model as a Framework for Understanding Biological Pattern Formation , 2010, Science.

[2]  Kevin Barraclough,et al.  I and i , 2001, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[3]  Chan-Byoung Chae,et al.  Novel Modulation Techniques using Isomers as Messenger Molecules for Nano Communication Networks via Diffusion , 2012, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[4]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Modulation Techniques for Communication via Diffusion in Nanonetworks , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[5]  T. Suda,et al.  Molecular communication for nanomachines using intercellular calcium signaling , 2005, 5th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2005..

[6]  Tatsuya Suda,et al.  A locally‐induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ propagates cell‐to‐cell in the presence of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase inhibitors in non‐excitable cells , 2009, FEBS letters.

[7]  Tatsuya Suda,et al.  Externally Controllable Molecular Communication , 2014, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[8]  A Goldbeter,et al.  Minimal model for signal-induced Ca2+ oscillations and for their frequency encoding through protein phosphorylation. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  P Woafo,et al.  Intercellular waves propagation in an array of cells coupled through paracrine signaling: a computer simulation study. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[10]  A. Eckford,et al.  Molecular Communication: Application areas of molecular communication , 2013 .

[11]  Tadashi Nakano,et al.  In-sequence molecule delivery over an aqueous medium , 2010, Nano Commun. Networks.

[12]  A. Vasilakos,et al.  Molecular Communication Among Biological Nanomachines: A Layered Architecture and Research Issues , 2014, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

[13]  Andrew W. Eckford.  Achievable information rates for molecular communication with distinct molecules , 2007, 2007 2nd Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Systems.

[14]  Lars Folke Olsen,et al.  Biochemical oscillations and cellular rhythms: The molecular bases of periodic and chaotic behaviour: Albert Goldbeter. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996. $99.95 (cloth), 605 + xxiv pp , 1997 .

[15]  James D. Murray.  Mathematical Biology: I. An Introduction , 2007 .

[16]  Andrew W. Eckford,et al.  Nanoscale Communication with Brownian Motion , 2007, 2007 41st Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems.

[17]  Thomas M. Cover,et al.  Elements of Information Theory , 2005 .

[18]  James P. Keener,et al.  Comprar Mathematical Physiology · I: Cellular Physiology | Keener, James | 9780387758466 | Springer , 2009 .

[19]  Chun Tung Chou,et al.  Molecular circuits for decoding frequency coded signals in nano-communication networks , 2012, Nano Commun. Networks.

[20]  Tatsuya Suda,et al.  Molecular Communication through Gap Junction Channels , 2008 .

[21]  W. J. Freeman,et al.  Alan Turing: The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis , 1986 .

[22]  Jian-Qin Liu,et al.  Design and Analysis of Molecular Relay Channels: An Information Theoretic Approach , 2010, IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience.

[23]  Eshel Ben-Jacob,et al.  Physical schemata underlying biological pattern formation—examples, issues and strategies , 2004, Physical biology.

[24]  H. Meinhardt.  Pattern formation in biology: a comparison of models and experiments , 1992 .

[25]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  On Channel Capacity and Error Compensation in Molecular Communication , 2008, Trans. Comp. Sys. Biology.

[26]  Tatsuya Suda,et al.  Exploratory Research on Molecular Communication between Nanomachines , 2005 .

[27]  M. Berridge.  The AM and FM of calcium signalling , 1997, Nature.

[28]  H. T. Mouftah,et al.  On the characterization of binary concentration-encoded molecular communication in nanonetworks , 2010, Nano Commun. Networks.

[29]  A. Turing.  The chemical basis of morphogenesis , 1952, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences.