Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Expansion Planning of Distribution Systems considering Renewable Energy, Storage and Charging Stations

Energy storage systems (ESS) have adopted a new role with the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RES). EVs introduce new charging demands that change the traditional demand profiles and RES are characterized by their high variability. This paper presents a new multistage distribution expansion planning model where investments in distribution network assets, RES, ESS and EV charging stations (EVCS) are jointly considered. The charging demand necessary for EVs transportation is performed using a vehicle model based on travel patterns. The variability associated with RES along with the demand requires the incorporation of uncertainty, which is characterized through a set of scenarios. These scenarios are generated by the k-means++ clustering technique that allows keeping the correlation in the information of the uncertainty sources. The resulting stochastic program is driven by the minimization of the present value of the total expected cost including investment, maintenance, production, losses and non-supplied energy. The associated scenario-based deterministic equivalent is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program, which can be solved by commercial software. Numerical results are presented for an illustrative 54-node test system.

[1]  Antonio J. Conejo,et al.  Correlated wind-power production and electric load scenarios for investment decisions , 2013 .

[2]  Hamed Mohsenian-Rad,et al.  Energy Storage Planning in Active Distribution Grids: A Chance-Constrained Optimization With Non-Parametric Probability Functions , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[3]  Fushuan Wen,et al.  Scenario-Based Comprehensive Expansion Planning for Distribution Systems Considering Integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Sonja Wogrin,et al.  Optimizing Storage Operations in Medium- and Long-Term Power System Models , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  J. A. Domínguez-Navarro,et al.  Integral planning of primary-secondary distribution systems using mixed integer linear programming , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[6]  Javier Contreras,et al.  Joint Distribution Network and Renewable Energy Expansion Planning Considering Demand Response and Energy Storage—Part I: Stochastic Programming Model , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[7]  Ali Ahmadian,et al.  Optimal Storage Planning in Active Distribution Network Considering Uncertainty of Wind Power Distributed Generation , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  Javier Contreras,et al.  Multistage generation and network expansion planning in distribution systems considering uncertainty and reliability , 2016, 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[9]  Carmen L. T. Borges,et al.  Multistage expansion planning for active distribution networks under demand and Distributed Generation uncertainties , 2012 .

[10]  M. Rider,et al.  Imposing Radiality Constraints in Distribution System Optimization Problems , 2012 .

[11]  Sergei Vassilvitskii,et al.  k-means++: the advantages of careful seeding , 2007, SODA '07.

[12]  Mohammad Shahidehpour,et al.  Expansion Planning of Active Distribution Networks With Centralized and Distributed Energy Storage Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[13]  Zhipeng Liu,et al.  Optimal Planning of Electric-Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[14]  Yan Xu,et al.  A Multi-Objective Collaborative Planning Strategy for Integrated Power Distribution and Electric Vehicle Charging Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[15]  Mauricio E. Samper,et al.  Investment Decisions in Distribution Networks Under Uncertainty With Distributed Generation—Part I: Model Formulation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[16]  Junjie Wu,et al.  Advances in K-means clustering: a data mining thinking , 2012 .

[17]  N. C. Sahoo,et al.  Recent advances on power distribution system planning: a state-of-the-art survey , 2013 .

[18]  M. Sedghi,et al.  Fuzzy Load Modeling of Plug-in Electric Vehicles for Optimal Storage and DG Planning in Active Distribution Network , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.