On Security Improvement of Adaptive Pixel Pair Matching with Modified Searching Mechanism

This paper proposes a data hiding scheme that improves the adaptive pixel pair matching (APPM) method. Based on pixel pair matching, APPM employs a pixel pair as an embedding unit, and uses a specially designed reference table that minimizing the embedding distortion for data embedment. Although APPM has the capability to embed secret digit in any notational system, it is vulnerable to the detection by the RS scheme if digits in 4-ary notational system are embedded into images with large flat area (pixels having the similar grayscale values) such cartoon images. A modified version of APPM is proposed in this paper by using a revised pixel pair replacement mechanism (PPRM). With the proposed PPRM method, the stego image not only is totally undetectable by the RS scheme but also provides the equivalent image quality of the original APPM method.

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