Temporal channels and disparity representations in stereoscopic depth perception.

Stereoscopic depth perception is supported by a combination of correlation-based and match-based representations of binocular disparity. It also relies on both transient and sustained temporal channels of the visual system. Previous studies suggest that the relative contribution of the correlation-based representation (over the match-based representation) and the transient channel (over the sustained channel) to depth perception increases with the disparity magnitude. The mechanisms of the correlation-based and match-based representations may receive preferential inputs from the transient and sustained channels, respectively. We examined near/far discrimination by observers using random-dot stereograms refreshed at various rates. The relative contribution of the two representations was inferred by changing the fraction of dots that were contrast reversed between the two eyes. Both representations contributed to depth discrimination over the tested range of refresh rates. As the rate increased, the correlation-based representation increased its contribution to near/far discrimination. Another experiment revealed that the match-based representation was constructed by exploiting the variability in correlation-based disparity signals. Thus, the relative weight of the transient over sustained channel differs between the two representations. The correlation-based representation dominates depth perception with dynamic inputs. The match-based representation, which may be a nonlinear refinement of the correlation-based representation, exerts more influence on depth perception with slower inputs.