Developing a phased distribution system security enhancement program

This article addresses the organization and prioritization of short- and long-term security enhancements for existing and future water utility facilities. It suggests tools and provides guidance for utilities to use in assessing and prioritizing the vulnerabilities of their water distribution systems and provides direction for balancing vulnerability, consequences, liabilities, and capital resource availability. The recommendations and considerations were developed with the input of a panel of recognized professionals in utility distribution system operation, security, hazard analysis and critical control points application, and federal and local law enforcement. The recommendations in this article are designed to address national strategy needs and the security implementation challenges facing water utilities.