Dynamic Multiple-Period Reconfiguration of Real-Time Scheduling Based on Timed DES Supervisory Control

Based on the supervisory control theory (SCT) of timed discrete-event systems (TDES), this study presents a dynamic reconfiguration technique for real-time scheduling of real-time systems running on uni-processors. A new formalism is developed to assign periodic tasks with multiple-periods. By implementing SCT, a real-time system (RTS) is dynamically reconfigured when its initial safe execution sequence set is empty. During the reconfiguration process, based on the multiple-periods, the supervisor proposes different safe execution sequences. Two real-world examples illustrate that the presented approach provides an increased number of safe execution sequences as compared with the earliest-deadline-first (EDF) scheduling algorithm.

[1]  Laurent Nana,et al.  Cheddar: a flexible real time scheduling framework , 2004, SIGAda.

[2]  Giuseppe Lipari,et al.  Elastic task model for adaptive rate control , 1998, Proceedings 19th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (Cat. No.98CB36279).

[3]  Dennis Shasha,et al.  Skip-Over: algorithms and complexity for overloaded systems that allow skips , 1995, Proceedings 16th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium.

[4]  Jana Kosecka,et al.  Control of Discrete Event Systems , 1992 .

[5]  Walter Murray Wonham,et al.  Nonblocking supervisory control of state tree structures , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[6]  MengChu Zhou,et al.  Short-Term Scheduling of Crude-Oil Operations: Enhancement of Crude-Oil Operations Scheduling Using a Petri Net-Based Control-Theoretic Approach , 2015, IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine.

[7]  Giuseppe Lipari,et al.  Elastic Scheduling for Flexible Workload Management , 2002, IEEE Trans. Computers.

[8]  P. Ramadge,et al.  Supervisory control of a class of discrete event processes , 1987 .

[9]  Martijn N. Rooker,et al.  Zero Downtime Reconfiguration of Distributed Automation Systems : The ε CEDAC Approach , .

[10]  Marisol García-Valls,et al.  iLAND: An Enhanced Middleware for Real-Time Reconfiguration of Service Oriented Distributed Real-Time Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[11]  Ling Li,et al.  QoS-Aware Scheduling of Services-Oriented Internet of Things , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[12]  Marisol Garcia Valls,et al.  iLAND: An Enhanced Middleware for Real-Time Reconfiguration of Service Oriented Distributed Real-Time Systems , 2013 .

[13]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  Elastic DVS Management in Processors With Discrete Voltage/Frequency Modes , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[14]  James W. Layland,et al.  Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment , 1989, JACM.

[15]  S. Lafortune Supervisory Control Of Discrete Event Systems , 2011 .

[16]  Taher Niknam,et al.  Reliability-Oriented Reconfiguration of Vehicle-to-Grid Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[17]  Peter C. Y. Chen,et al.  Real-Time Supervisory Control of a Processor for Non-Preemptive Execution of Periodic Tasks , 2004, Real-Time Systems.

[18]  Peyman Gohari,et al.  Formalizing real-time scheduling using priority-based supervisory control of discrete-event systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[19]  Pedro Furtado,et al.  Architecture for Uniform (Re)Configuration and Processing Over Embedded Sensor and Actuator Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[20]  W. Wonham,et al.  The supervisory control of timed discrete-event systems , 1992, [1992] Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[21]  Laurent George,et al.  Reconfiguration of Uniprocessor Sporadic Real-Time Systems: The Sensitivity Approach , 2011 .

[22]  Lucia Lo Bello,et al.  Priority-Driven Swapping-Based Scheduling of Aperiodic Real-Time Messages Over EtherCAT Networks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[23]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  Limited Preemptive Scheduling for Real-Time Systems. A Survey , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[24]  Giorgio C. Buttazzo,et al.  Adaptive Workload Management through Elastic Scheduling , 2002, Real-Time Systems.

[25]  Alina Gîrbea,et al.  Design and Implementation of a Service-Oriented Architecture for the Optimization of Industrial Applications , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[26]  Vladimír Marík,et al.  Capabilities of Dynamic Reconfiguration of Multiagent-Based Industrial Control Systems , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans.

[27]  W. Wonham,et al.  Supervisory control of timed discrete-event systems , 1994, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[28]  Alan Burns,et al.  Real Time Scheduling Theory: A Historical Perspective , 2004, Real-Time Systems.

[29]  MengChu Zhou,et al.  Dynamic Low-Power Reconfiguration of Real-Time Systems With Periodic and Probabilistic Tasks , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[30]  Thomas I. Strasser,et al.  Zero Downtime Reconfiguration of Distributed Automation Systems: The epsilonCEDAC Approach , 2007, HoloMAS.

[31]  W. M. Wonham,et al.  Modular supervisory control of discrete-event systems , 1988, Math. Control. Signals Syst..

[32]  Sanjoy K. Baruah,et al.  Algorithms and complexity concerning the preemptive scheduling of periodic, real-time tasks on one processor , 1990, Real-Time Systems.