The sorption of heavy metal species by sediments in soakaways receiving urban road runoff.

Infiltration facilities are designed for both the retention of non-point pollutants and the replenishment of groundwater in urban areas. In this study, sorption tests were conducted to evaluate the speciation of heavy metals and their behaviour in infiltration facilities receiving urban road runoff containing high DOC concentrations and stable heavy metal organic complexes. Road dust and three soakaway sediments were collected from heavy traffic areas and a residential area with an infiltration-type sewage system in Tokyo, Japan. Sequential multiple batch tests were conducted by adding prepared road dust leachate (artificial road runoff) or deionised water to soakaway sediment to obtain soakaway sediment leachate (artificial percolating water from soakaway sediment), which mimicked the sorption by sediments in soakaways receiving urban road runoff. Heavy metal speciation was assessed by means of a combination of anion-exchange resin measurements and MINTEQA2 model calculations, and further validated by chelating resin measurements. In road dust leachates and soakaway sediment leachates, Cu predominantly existed as organic complexes and carbonates, whereas most Mn, Zn and Cd were found to exist in the form of free ions and carbonate complexes. Stable organic complexes of Cu in road dust leachates were strongly adsorbed by soakaway sediments despite the limited adsorption of DOC. On the other hand, desorption of free Mn, Zn and Cd ions from the sediment receiving road dust leachates was observed, indicating that heavy metals such as Mn, Zn and Cd may ultimately reach groundwater as free ions.

[1]  J. Rijstenbil,et al.  Copper and zinc in estuarine water: Chemical speciation in relation to bioavailability to the marine planktonic diatom Ditylum Brightwellii , 1992 .

[2]  J. Allison,et al.  MINTEQA2/PRODEFA2, a geochemical assessment model for environmental systems: Version 3. 0 user's manual , 1991 .

[3]  Valérie Colandini,et al.  Effects of a porous pavement with reservoir structure on runoff water: water quality and fate of heavy metals , 1999 .

[4]  R. Comans,et al.  Leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soils: an experimental and modeling study. , 2004, Environmental science & technology.

[5]  P. Mikkelsen,et al.  Experimental assessment of soil and groundwater contamination from two old infiltration systems for road run-off in Switzerland , 1996 .

[6]  Chi Sun Poon,et al.  Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong , 2001 .

[7]  H. Furumai,et al.  Model description of storage and infiltration functions of infiltration facilities for urban runoff analysis by a distributed model. , 2005, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[8]  T. H. Christensen,et al.  A method for determination of cadmium species in solid waste leachates , 1989 .

[9]  Richard Field,et al.  Urban stormwater toxic pollutants: assessment, sources, and treatability , 1995 .

[10]  P. Le Cloirec,et al.  Experimental study and modelling of zinc and lead migration in sandy soils due to stormwater infiltration. , 2002, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[11]  M. Stone,et al.  Trace metal composition and speciation in street sediment: Sault Ste. Marie, Canada , 1996 .

[12]  D. T. Long,et al.  Speciation of aqueous chromium by use of solid-phase extractions in the field. , 2002, Environmental Science and Technology.

[13]  G. Sposito,et al.  The effect of chloride on the availability of cadmium , 1984 .

[14]  John J. Sansalone,et al.  Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water , 1997 .

[15]  A. K. Davis,et al.  Groundwater transport of arsenic and chromium at a historical tannery, Woburn, Massachusetts, U.S.A. , 1994 .

[16]  Ulrich Kern,et al.  Street wash-off behaviour of heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and nitrophenols , 1994 .

[17]  M. Boller.  Towards sustainable urban stormwater management , 2004 .

[18]  B. Nowack,et al.  Influence of Natural and Anthropogenic Ligands on Metal Transport during Infiltration of River Water to Groundwater , 1997 .

[19]  J. O’Halloran,et al.  Chromium speciation in tannery effluent—II. Speciation in the effluent and in a receiving estuary , 1996 .

[20]  H. Furumai,et al.  Identification of particles containing chromium and lead in road dust and soakaway sediment by electron probe microanalyser. , 2007, Chemosphere.

[21]  Thibault Datry,et al.  Solute dynamics in the bed sediments of a stormwater infiltration basin , 2003 .

[22]  Shoichi Fujita,et al.  INFILTRATION STRUCTURES IN TOKYO , 1994 .

[23]  S. Clark,et al.  GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION POTENTIAL FROM STORMWATER INFILTRATION PRACTICES , 1999 .

[24]  M. Kayhanian,et al.  Correlation analysis among highway stormwater pollutants and characteristics. , 2006, Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research.

[25]  T. H. Christensen,et al.  Speciation of Heavy Metals in Landfill Leachate: A Review , 2004, Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA.

[26]  A. Ulrich,et al.  Behavior of Heavy Metals, Nutrients, and Major Components during Roof Runoff Infiltration , 1999 .

[27]  A. Ledin,et al.  Speciation of heavy metals in landfill-leachate polluted groundwater , 1999 .

[28]  Valérie Colandini,et al.  Metallic pollution in clogging materials of urban porous pavements , 1995 .

[29]  T. Sogn,et al.  Speciation of Cd and Zn in contaminated soils assessed by DGT-DIFS, and WHAM/Model VI in relation to uptake by spinach and ryegrass. , 2006, Chemosphere.