A three-dimensional joint opening analysis of an arch dam

Abstract A discrete crack finite element model of vertical and foundation joints of an arch dam is elaborated. Only tensile cracking due to persistent static loads is considered. A lower bound solution for the failure load is found which enables a sensible safety check for the structure. It is shown that both stiff foundation and high span/height ratio of dam could trigger the foundation interface cracking due to water and weight loads. Such cracks increase the hoop compressive stress, but substantially decrease the tensile stress in the dam body. Comparison with model test results is also presented. Furthermore it is shown that for double curvature arch dams the vertical joint opening induced by weight load, increases the radial displacements, and disintegrates the dam body.