Utilization of a Copper Solid Amalgam Electrode for the Analytical Determination of Atrazine

A copper solid amalgam electrode was prepared and used for the voltammetric determination of atrazine in natural water samples by square wave voltammetry. This electrode is a convenient substitute for the hanging mercury electrode since it is selective, sensitive, reliable and inexpensive and presents low toxicity characteristic. The detection limit of atrazine obtained in pure water (laboratory samples) was shown to be lower than the maximum limit of residue established for natural water by the Brazilian Environmental Agency. The relative standard deviation for 10 different measurements was found to be only 3.98% in solutions containing 8.16 � 10 � 6 mol L � 1 of atrazine. In polluted stream water samples, the recovery measurements were approximately 70.00%, sustaining the applicability of the proposed methodology to the analysis of atrazine in such matrices.

[1]  B. Yosypchuk,et al.  Cathodic stripping voltammetry of cysteine using silver and copper solid amalgam electrodes. , 2002, Talanta.

[2]  E. Podestà,et al.  Alkaline phosphatase inhibition based electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides , 2004 .

[3]  Yosypchuk Bogdan,et al.  Nontoxic electrodes of solid amalgams , 2002 .

[4]  P. Manisankar,et al.  Electrochemical studies and square wave stripping voltammetry of five common pesticides on poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene modified wall-jet electrode , 2005 .

[5]  R. Alonso,et al.  Voltammetric behaviour of the synthetic pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and its determination in soil and well water , 2004 .

[6]  J. R. Mellado,et al.  EC(EE) processes in the reduction of some 2-methylthio-4,6-di(alkylamino)-1,3,5-triazines on mercury electrodes , 2002 .

[7]  C. Vaz,et al.  Electroanalytical Determination of the Herbicide Atrazine in Natural Waters , 1996 .

[8]  Ø. Mikkelsen,et al.  Amalgam Electrodes for Electroanalysis , 2003 .

[9]  J. Masini,et al.  Determination of atrazine using square wave voltammetry with the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE). , 2004, Talanta.

[10]  V. Pedrosa,et al.  Is the boron-doped diamond electrode a suitable substitute for mercury in pesticide analyses? A comparative study of 4-nitrophenol quantification in pure and natural waters , 2004 .

[11]  Y. Ni,et al.  Study of the voltammetric behaviour of maleic hydrazide and its determination at a hanging mercury drop electrode. , 2004, Talanta.

[12]  C. Vaz,et al.  Adsorption isotherms for atrazine on soils measured by differential pulse polarography , 1997 .

[13]  F. J. Holler,et al.  Principles of Instrumental Analysis , 1973 .

[14]  Shaojun Dong,et al.  Single-wall carbon nanotube-based voltammetric sensor and biosensor. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[15]  Anthony J. Killard,et al.  Atrazine analysis using an amperometric immunosensor based on single-chain antibody fragments and regeneration-free multi-calibrant measurement , 2003 .

[16]  Ladislav Novotný,et al.  Copper Solid Amalgam Electrodes , 2003 .

[17]  Š. Komorsky-Lovrič,et al.  Square-wave voltammetry of an adsorbed reactant , 1988 .

[18]  J. Zen,et al.  Disposable clay-coated screen-printed electrode for amitrole analysis , 2001 .

[19]  L. Yudi,et al.  Electrochemical Study of s‐Triazine Herbicides Transfer Across the Water/1,2‐Dichloroethane Interface , 2003 .

[20]  D. D. Souza,et al.  Estudo do comportamento eletroquímico do herbicida ametrinautilizando a técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada , 2003 .

[21]  M. Kotouček,et al.  Voltammetric behaviour of some nitropesticides at the mercury drop electrode , 1996 .

[22]  S. Dzyadevych,et al.  Conductometric tyrosinase biosensor for the detection of diuron, atrazine and its main metabolites. , 2004, Talanta.