An energy-efficient internet of things (IoT) architecture for preventive conservation of cultural heritage

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) technologies can facilitate the preventive conservation of cultural heritage (CH) by enabling the management of data collected from electronic sensors. This work presents an IoT architecture for this purpose. Firstly, we discuss the requirements from the artwork standpoint, data acquisition, cloud processing and data visualization to the end user. The results presented in this work focuses on the most critical aspect of the architecture, which are the sensor nodes. We designed a solution based on LoRa and Sigfox technologies to produce the minimum impact in the artwork, achieving a lifespan of more than 10 years. The solution will be capable of scaling the processing and storage resources, deployed either in a public or on-premise cloud, embedding complex predictive models. This combination of technologies can cope with different types of cultural heritage environments.

[1]  M. Zarzo,et al.  Evaluation of corrective measures implemented for the preventive conservation of fresco paintings in Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy) , 2013, Chemistry Central Journal.

[2]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Assessment of the Minimum Sampling Frequency to Avoid Measurement Redundancy in Microclimate Field Surveys in Museum Buildings , 2016, Sensors.

[3]  Maria Pia Sammartino,et al.  Microclimate monitoring in the Carcer Tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis; first campaign , 2012, Chemistry Central Journal.

[4]  Carlos de Alfonso,et al.  EC3: Elastic Cloud Computing Cluster , 2013, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[5]  Y Tabunschikov,et al.  Indoor air climate requirements for Russian churches and cathedrals. , 2004, Indoor air.

[6]  B. Eckel.  C++ for embedded systems , 1989 .

[7]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Long-Term Monitoring of Fresco Paintings in the Cathedral of Valencia (Spain) Through Humidity and Temperature Sensors in Various Locations for Preventive Conservation , 2011, Sensors.

[8]  Dario Camuffo,et al.  Thermodynamic exchanges between the external boundary layer and the indoor microclimate at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, Italy: the problem of conservation of ancient works of art , 1999 .

[9]  J. J. Serrano,et al.  Ultra-Low Power Optical Sensor for Xylophagous Insect Detection in Wood , 2016, Sensors.

[10]  R. Ricciu,et al.  Microclimatic monitoring of a semi-confined archaeological site affected by salt crystallisation , 2015 .

[11]  M. Nardino,et al.  Indoor measurements of microclimate variables and ozone in the church of San Vincenzo (Monastery of Bassano Romano — Italy): A pilot study , 2008 .

[12]  Tsuyoshi Murata,et al.  {m , 1934, ACML.

[13]  José Emilio Meroño de Larriva,et al.  Monitoring Heritage Buildings with Open Source Hardware Sensors: A Case Study of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba , 2016, Sensors.

[14]  Angelo Chianese,et al.  Designing a Smart Museum: When Cultural Heritage Joins IoT , 2014, 2014 Eighth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Apps, Services and Technologies.

[15]  Marimuthu Palaniswami,et al.  Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions , 2012, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[16]  Vicente Hernández,et al.  Infrastructure Deployment Over the Cloud , 2011, 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science.

[17]  B. Colenbrander,et al.  Measuring links between cultural heritage management and sustainable urban development: An overview of global monitoring tools , 2017 .

[18]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Microclimate monitoring of Ariadne’s house (Pompeii, Italy) for preventive conservation of fresco paintings , 2012, Chemistry Central Journal.

[19]  J. J. Serrano,et al.  Suitability Evaluation of Multipoint Simultaneous CO2 Sampling Wireless Sensors for Livestock Buildings , 2014, Sensors.

[20]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Microclimate monitoring by multivariate statistical control: The renaissance frescoes of the Cathedral of Valencia (Spain) , 2010 .

[21]  Ignacio Blanquer,et al.  A Platform to Deploy Customized Scientific Virtual Infrastructures on the Cloud , 2014, 2014 6th International Workshop on Science Gateways.

[22]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Multivariate Thermo-Hygrometric Characterisation of the Archaeological Site of Plaza de l’Almoina (Valencia, Spain) for Preventive Conservation , 2013, Sensors.

[23]  Ignacio Blanquer,et al.  Dynamic Management of Virtual Infrastructures , 2015, Journal of Grid Computing.

[24]  Alessandro Mecocci,et al.  Monitoring Architectural Heritage by Wireless Sensors Networks: San Gimignano — A Case Study , 2014, Sensors.

[25]  Dimitrios Buhalis,et al.  Smart Tourism Destinations , 2014, ENTER.

[26]  Ulrike Gretzel,et al.  Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems , 2015, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[27]  M. Sammartino,et al.  Second campaign of microclimate monitoring in the carcer tullianum: temporal and spatial correlation and gradients evidenced by multivariate analysis , 2012, Chemistry Central Journal.

[28]  Luciano Lavagno,et al.  Embedded Systems , 2005, Embedded Systems Handbook.

[29]  J. J. Serrano,et al.  Historical Building Monitoring Using an Energy-Efficient Scalable Wireless Sensor Network Architecture , 2011, Sensors.

[30]  Dario Camuffo,et al.  Microclimate for Cultural Heritage , 1998 .

[31]  Eloy Romero,et al.  Self-managed cost-efficient virtual elastic clusters on hybrid Cloud infrastructures , 2016, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[32]  Carlos de Alfonso,et al.  An economic and energy-aware analysis of the viability of outsourcing cluster computing to a cloud , 2013, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[33]  I. Kioutsioukis,et al.  Indoor microclimate, ozone and nitrogen oxides in two medieval churches in Cyprus , 2006 .

[34]  Fernando-Juan García-Diego,et al.  Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions , 2014 .

[35]  Rafael Fort,et al.  Routing Topologies of Wireless Sensor Networks for Health Monitoring of a Cultural Heritage Site , 2016, Sensors.

[36]  Giovanni Visco,et al.  A multivariate approach for a comparison of big data matrices. Case study: thermo-hygrometric monitoring inside the Carcer Tullianum (Rome) in the absence and in the presence of visitors , 2017, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[37]  Utz Roedig,et al.  Do LoRa Low-Power Wide-Area Networks Scale? , 2016, MSWiM.