Health effects of extremely low frequency (50 and 60 Hertz) electric and magnetic fields

The concern over the health effects of extremely low frequency, 50-60 Hz, electric and magnetic fields is addressed. The voltages and currents generated within the human body are detailed. The values of directly applied voltages and currents that occur when a person comes into contact with energized conductors that are hazardous to humans are compared to the nonhazardous induced voltages and currents. An overview of the animal, cell, and human research and of epidemiological studies is presented. The positions expounded by the various concerned groups are listed, and the standards and values that have been developed by consensus groups are discussed.<<ETX>>

[1]  N. Wertheimer,et al.  Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.

[2]  D. Savitz,et al.  Childhood cancer in the denver metropolitan area 1976–1983 , 1987, Cancer.

[3]  Indira Nair,et al.  Biological effects of power frequency electric and magnetic fields: Background paper , 1989 .

[4]  M. Misakian,et al.  An Evaluation of Instrumentation Used to Measure AC Power System Magnetic Fields , 1991, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[5]  J. R. Gauger,et al.  Household Appliance Magnetic Field Survey , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[6]  K. Foster.  The VDT debate , 1989 .

[7]  M. Silva,et al.  Power frequency magnetic fields in the home , 1989 .

[8]  D.W. Deno.  Transmission line fields , 1976, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.

[9]  J P Fulton,et al.  Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. , 1980, American journal of epidemiology.

[10]  E. Gilbert,et al.  Pioneer Maps of Health and Disease in England , 1958 .

[11]  Frank S. Barnes,et al.  The effects of time varying magnetic fields on biological materials , 1990 .

[12]  Fletcher J. Buckley.  A Standard for Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields , 1990, Computer.

[13]  Paul Brodeur.  Currents of death : power lines, computer terminals, and the attempt to cover up their threat to your health , 1989 .

[14]  Edwin L. Carstensen,et al.  Biological effects of transmission line fields , 1987 .

[15]  C. F. Dalziel,et al.  Let-go currents and voltages , 1956, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part II: Applications and Industry.

[16]  J.M. Lee,et al.  Forum - Task Force Report On Power Frequency Electric And Magnetic Field Effects , 1988, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[17]  N. Wertheimer,et al.  Electrical wiring configurations and childhood leukemia in Rhode Island. , 1980, American journal of epidemiology.

[18]  K. S. Geiges.  Electric Shock Hazard Analysis [includes discussion] , 1956, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. Part III: Power Apparatus and Systems.

[19]  K R Foster,et al.  The microwave problem. , 1986, Scientific American.

[20]  R. Wever.  ELF-Effects on Human Circadian Rhythms , 1974 .

[21]  W. Kaune,et al.  Residential magnetic and electric fields. , 1987, Bioelectromagnetics.

[22]  P M Fulcomer.  NBS ambient magnetic field meter for measurement and analysis of low-level power frequency magnetic fields in air , 1985 .

[23]  H. Wachtel,et al.  Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields. , 1988, American journal of epidemiology.

[24]  Eleanor R. Adair,et al.  Thermophysiological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation , 1987, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine.

[25]  L Tomenius,et al.  50-Hz electromagnetic environment and the incidence of childhood tumors in Stockholm County. , 1986, Bioelectromagnetics.